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HСІ, Н20, Неаt (а) CN CH3CH2OH (d) H3O* OH (е) -CH-CH3 KMNO4, H* Нeat

HСІ, Н20, Неаt (а) CN CH3CH2OH (d) H3O* OH (е) -CH-CH3 KMNO4, H* Нeat

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Give the major organic product(s) for each of the following reactions: 

### Chemical Reactions and Mechanisms #### Reaction (a) - **Starting Material:** Cyclohexyl cyanide - **Reagents:** HCl, \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \), and heat - **Reaction Overview:** This reaction illustrates the hydrolysis of a nitrile group (\(-\text{CN}\)) attached to a cyclohexane ring. Under acidic conditions with water and heat, the nitrile group is transformed, typically resulting in an amide or carboxylic acid. #### Reaction (d) - **Starting Material:** Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid - **Reagents:** Ethanol (\(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}\)) and acidic conditions (\(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\)) - **Reaction Overview:** This setup represents esterification, where the carboxylic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ester. The cyclic carboxylic acid will yield a cyclic ester. #### Reaction (e) - **Starting Material:** 1-Phenylethanol - **Reagents:** Potassium permanganate (\(\text{KMnO}_4\)), acidic conditions (\(\text{H}^+\)), and heat - **Reaction Overview:** The oxidation of a secondary alcohol in the presence of a strong oxidizing agent like potassium permanganate, typically results in the formation of a ketone or carboxylic acid, depending on reaction conditions. Here, the phenyl ring and secondary alcohol are involved in an oxidative transformation. ### Diagrams The diagrams depict the molecular structures involved in each reaction, showing how substituents change under various chemical conditions. The cyclical and aromatic structures provide a clear visual representation of organic molecular frameworks and their transformations.
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Reactions and Mechanisms #### Reaction (a) - **Starting Material:** Cyclohexyl cyanide - **Reagents:** HCl, \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \), and heat - **Reaction Overview:** This reaction illustrates the hydrolysis of a nitrile group (\(-\text{CN}\)) attached to a cyclohexane ring. Under acidic conditions with water and heat, the nitrile group is transformed, typically resulting in an amide or carboxylic acid. #### Reaction (d) - **Starting Material:** Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid - **Reagents:** Ethanol (\(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}\)) and acidic conditions (\(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\)) - **Reaction Overview:** This setup represents esterification, where the carboxylic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ester. The cyclic carboxylic acid will yield a cyclic ester. #### Reaction (e) - **Starting Material:** 1-Phenylethanol - **Reagents:** Potassium permanganate (\(\text{KMnO}_4\)), acidic conditions (\(\text{H}^+\)), and heat - **Reaction Overview:** The oxidation of a secondary alcohol in the presence of a strong oxidizing agent like potassium permanganate, typically results in the formation of a ketone or carboxylic acid, depending on reaction conditions. Here, the phenyl ring and secondary alcohol are involved in an oxidative transformation. ### Diagrams The diagrams depict the molecular structures involved in each reaction, showing how substituents change under various chemical conditions. The cyclical and aromatic structures provide a clear visual representation of organic molecular frameworks and their transformations.
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