How would you go about deriving a UH from a catchment for which data (catchment area, rainfall and discharge values) are available? Derive a hyetograph from the incident rainfall (losses do not need to be considered to derive a UH); Determine the UH using the formula "Ui = Qi/P" (for a single interval hyetograph) or using "deconvolution" (for a multiple interval hyetograph). Estimate direct runoff hydrograph by subtracting baseflow from observed stream flow data; Estimate the total runoff volume and the direct runoff depth over the catchment; Determine the UH ordinates using the formula "Unit hydrograph = Direct runoff hydrograph x 1/Direct runoff depth"; Estimate catchment losses and subtract these from the incident precipitation to obtain excess rainfall; the duration of the excess rainfall is used as the duration of the UH. Determine the precipitation volume for each time interval; Use UH superposition and proportionality principles to derive a direct unit hydrograph; Estimate losses and baseflow; Add losses and baseflow to the direct unit hydrograph to obtain the final UH. Calculate total precipitation and discharge volumes for each time interval; Obtain excess rainfall volume for each time interval by subtracting losses from the total precipitation values; Divide excess rainfall volume by discharge volume to obtain an "adjustment factor" (runoff to rainfall ratio) in each time interval; Multiply the adjustment factors by the direct runoff hydrograph to obtain the UH. Estimate surface runoff by using the rational formula; Determine the UH using the formula "Ui = Qi/P" (for a single interval excess rainfall) or using "deconvolution" (for a multiple interval excess rainfall).

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Precipitation

Precipitation forms the basis of the water cycle on the Earth. The air is packed with water molecules in the form of moisture or water vapor. This water vapor usually rises to the atmosphere due to density differences. Precipitation represents any form of water, in liquid form or frozen form that forms in the earth's atmosphere. The water vapor up in the atmosphere condenses due to low temperature and it leads to the formation of clouds. The water vapor that forms clouds on account of condensation, is preferably known as cloud droplet. These cloud droplets when become heavy and can no longer sustain the weight of condensed water droplets, they come to the Earth in the form of rain, snow, ice pellets, and hail. Precipitation patterns, evaporation, and condensation are the three parameters that decide the global water cycle, climate change, and weather. Additionally, smoke and dust particles are equally important parameters for precipitation, as they provide the surface area for the water vapors to get condensed and to form water droplets. So they are known as condensation nuclei. The presence of other pollutants in the air also serves as condensation nuclei. Precipitation always results in the pure water supply to earth, as the salt from the seawater does not evaporate with the water.