How were the revolutions in Latin America and the Caribbean influenced by the history of colonialism?
How were the revolutions in Latin America and the Caribbean influenced by the history of colonialism?
The term Latin America primarily refers to the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries of the New World. Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the region was home to many indigenous peoples, most of whom had developed communities, mainly from the South; the Olmec, the Maya, the Muiscas, and the Incas. The region was governed by Spanish and Portuguese crowns, which imposed Roman Catholicism and their languages. Both the Spaniards and the Portuguese brought African slaves to their colonies, as laborers, especially in regions where indigenous peoples who could not be worked were absent. In the early 19th century, almost every part of Spain was liberated by the liberation struggle, with the exception of Cuba and Puerto Rico. The American Civil War of Independence (1808-33) was a complex series of conflicts, fought extensively between colonial opposition groups and second only to Spanish wars. Brazil, a separate state from Portugal, became a republic in the late 19th century. The Spanish-American War (1898) ended Spanish colonization in the Americas. Political independence led to political and economic instability in Latin America shortly after independence. Great Britain and the United States played a major role in the post-independence era, leading to a form of neo-colonialism, in which the country's political power resided, but foreign power exerted considerable power in the economic sphere. During the Cold War, Latin America experienced social change, the movement of terrorists in rural and urban areas, the open and secret intervention of the United States, and the military coup.
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