How to determine the needed surface area of the secondary clarifier tank given that the flow is 40,000 m3 per day and the recycling ratio is 0.5 . The necessary solids concentration in the underflow is 13,000 mg/L, while the Mixed liquor suspended solids concentration in the activated sludge is 4,500 mg/L. The table below shows the settling properties of sludge: Mixed liquor suspended solids Mg/l Settling velocity m/hr 2000 6 4000 3 6000 1 8000 0.2 10000 0.1 13000 0.1

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Storm Sewers and Detention

The storm drains system transports rainwater or stormwater and other runoff from roads, parking lots, and roof downpipes directly to nearby creeks, rivers, or the sea without any treatment.