Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
![**Solar Energy Calculation on a Cloudless Day**
Consider a cloudless day on which the sun shines down across the United States. If 2144 kJ of energy reaches a square meter (m²) of the United States in one hour, how much total solar energy reaches the entire United States per hour? The entire area of the United States is 9,158,960 km².
---
To calculate the total solar energy received, you can use the formula:
Total Energy (kJ/h) = Energy per square meter (kJ/m²/h) × Total Area (m²)
Given:
- Energy per square meter = 2144 kJ/m²/h
- Total area of the United States = 9,158,960 km² = 9,158,960,000,000 m²
Plug these values into the formula:
Total Energy = 2144 kJ/m²/h × 9,158,960,000,000 m²
This gives the amount of energy in kilojoules per hour received by the entire United States on a cloudless day.
[Insert an interactive box for users to calculate and enter their answer]
kJ/h](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4733fee4-5b95-4e3b-9d83-679a0931c813%2Fd8fe0d9a-ba19-4ceb-b2bd-013d40763318%2F48obzyr_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Solar Energy Calculation on a Cloudless Day**
Consider a cloudless day on which the sun shines down across the United States. If 2144 kJ of energy reaches a square meter (m²) of the United States in one hour, how much total solar energy reaches the entire United States per hour? The entire area of the United States is 9,158,960 km².
---
To calculate the total solar energy received, you can use the formula:
Total Energy (kJ/h) = Energy per square meter (kJ/m²/h) × Total Area (m²)
Given:
- Energy per square meter = 2144 kJ/m²/h
- Total area of the United States = 9,158,960 km² = 9,158,960,000,000 m²
Plug these values into the formula:
Total Energy = 2144 kJ/m²/h × 9,158,960,000,000 m²
This gives the amount of energy in kilojoules per hour received by the entire United States on a cloudless day.
[Insert an interactive box for users to calculate and enter their answer]
kJ/h

Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Scientific Concepts: Hypothesis, Theory, and Law**
**Interactive Diagram**
This diagram helps to differentiate between three fundamental scientific concepts: Hypothesis, Theory, and Law. Each section is designed to illustrate the differences with examples:
**1. Hypothesis**
This section is meant for an untested explanation. It can include ideas or assumptions that are yet to be verified. For instance, "A doctor thinks, but has not verified, why a patient has stomach pain" and "An untested explanation" are common interpretations of a hypothesis.
**2. Theory**
In the theory section, explanations that have undergone testing and verification are placed here. This can include detailed scientific concepts or principles that help explain phenomena. An example for this could be, "Scientists, after many experiments, explain how the temperature of a gas depends on the energy of its molecules" or "An explanation that has been tested and verified."
**3. Law**
This part is reserved for descriptions that predict occurrences but do not explain the mechanisms behind them. It encapsulates well-established principles. For example, "A description that predicts what happens, but does not explain how."
**Answer Bank**
The answer bank provides phrases utilized to reinforce understanding of these concepts. They include:
- Scientists, after many experiments, explain how the temperature of a gas depends on the energy of its molecules.
- An untested explanation.
- An explanation that has been tested and verified.
- A doctor thinks, but has not verified, why a patient has stomach pain.
- A description that predicts what happens, but does not explain how.
This interactive tool aids in the educational process by encouraging learners to associate statements with the correct scientific concept.
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