Answered: How much taller (in m) does the Eiffel…

How much taller (in m) does the Eiffel Tower become at the end of a day when the temperature has increased by 18°C? Its original height is 324 m and you can assume it is made of steel. m

Inquiry into Physics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781337515863

Author:Ostdiek

Publisher:Ostdiek

Chapter5: Temperature And Heat

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8P: em>. The volume of an ideal gas enclosed in a thin, elastic membrane in a room at sea level where...

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A sample of gas with a thermometer immersed in the gas is held over a hot plate. A student is asked to give a step-by-step account of what makes our observation of the temperature of the gas increase. His response includes the following steps, (a) The molecules speed up. (b) Then the molecules collide with one another more often. (c) Internal friction makes the collisions inelastic, (d) Heat is produced in the collisions. (e) The molecules of the gas transfer more energy to the thermometer when they strike it, so we observe that the temperature has gone up. (f) The same process can take place without the use of a hot plate if you quickly push in the piston in an insulated cylinder containing the gas. (i) Which of the parts (a) through
One container is filled with helium gas and another with argon gas. Both containers are at the same temperature. Which molecules have the higher rim speed? Explain.
Review. A house roof is a perfectly flat plane that makes an angle with the horizontal. When its temperature changes, between Ti before dawn each day and Tk in the middle of each afternoon, the roof expands and contracts uniformly with a coefficient of thermal expansion 1. Resting on the roof is a flat, rectangular metal plate with expansion coefficient 2, greater than 1. The length of the plate is L, measured along the slope of the roof. The component of the plates weight perpendicular to the roof is supported by a normal force uniformly distributed over the area of the plate. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the plate and the roof is k. The plate is always at the same temperature as the roof, so we assume its temperature is continuously changing. Because of the difference in expansion coefficients, each bit of the plate is moving relative to the roof below it, except for points along a certain horizontal line running across the plate called the stationary line. If the temperature is rising, parts of the plate below the stationary line are moving down relative to the roof and feel a force of kinetic friction acting up the roof. Elements of area above the stationary line are sliding up the roof, and on them kinetic friction acts downward parallel to the roof. The stationary line occupies no area, so we assume no force of static friction acts on the plate while the temperature is changing. The plate as a whole is very nearly in equilibrium, so the net friction force on it must be equal to the component of its weight acting down the incline. (a) Prove that the stationary line is at a distance of L2(1tank) below the top edge of the plate. (b) Analyze the forces that act on the plate when the temperature is falling and prove that the stationary line is at that same distance above the bottom edge of the plate. (c) Show that the plate steps down the roof like an inchworm, moving each day by the distance Lk(21)(ThTc)tan (d) Evaluate the distance an aluminum plate moves each day if its length is 1.20 m, the temperature cycles between 4.00C and 36.0C, and if the roof has slope 18.5, coefficient of linear expansion 1.50 105 (C) 1, and coefficient of friction 0.420 with the plate. (e) What If? What if the expansion coefficient of the plate is less than that of the roof? Will the plate creep up the roof?
One method at getting a tight fit, say of a metal peg in a hole in a metal block, is to manufacture the peg slightly larger than the hole. The peg is then inserted when at a different temperature than the block. Should the block he hotter or colder than the peg during insertion? Explain your answer.
A thermopane window consists of two glass panes, each 0.50 cm thick, with a 1.0-cm-thick sealed layer of air in between. (a) If the inside surface temperature is 23C and the outside surface temperature is 0.0C, determine the rate of energy transfer through 1.0 m2 of the window. (b) Compare your answer to (a) with the rate of energy transfer through 1.0 m2 of a single 1.0-cm-thick pane of glass. Disregard surface air layers.
The temperature difference between the inside and the outside of a home on a cold winter day is 57.0F. Express this difference on (a) the (Celsius scale and (b) the Kelvin scale.
em>. The volume of an ideal gas enclosed in a thin, elastic membrane in a room at sea level where the air temperature is 18°C is 8 10-3 m3 .If the temperature of the room is increased by 10°C, what is the new volume of the gas?
(a) A shirtless rider under a circus tent feels the heat radiating from the sunlit portion of the tent. Calculate the temperature of the tent canvas based on the following information: The shirtless rider’s skin temperature is 34.0C and has an emissivity of 0.970. The exposed area of skin is 0.400m2. He receives radiation at the rate of 20.0 W—half what you would calculate if the entire region behind him was hot. The rest of the surroundings are at 34.0C. (b) Discuss how this situation would change if the sun lit side of the tent was nearly pure white and if the rider was covered by a white tunic.
Unreasonable Results (a) An automobile mechanic claims that an aluminum rod fits loosely into its hole on an aluminum engine block because the engine is hot and the rod is cold. If 1he hole is 10.0% bigger in diameter than the 22.0C rod, at what temperature will the rod be the same size as the hole? (b) What is unreasonable about this temperature? (2) Which premise is responsible?
A 20.0-L tank of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is at a pressure of 9.50 105 Pa and temperature of 19.0C (a) Calculate the temperature of the gas in Kelvin. (b) Use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of gas in the tank. (c) Use the periodic table to compute the molecular weight of carbon dioxide, expressing it in grams per mole. (d) Obtain the number of grains of carbon dioxide in the tank. (e) A fire breaks out, raising the ambient temperature by 224.0 K while 82.0 g of gas leak out of the tank. Calculate the new temperature and the number of moles of gas remaining in the tank. (f) Using a technique analogous to that in Example 10.6b, find a symbolic expression for the final pressure, neglecting the change in volume of the tank. (g) Calculate the final pressure in the tank as a result of the fire and leakage.
In Section 5.2, we discussed the phenomenon of thermal expansion. Concept Map 5.4 was to have been used to help you organize and understand this material better. When the map was printed, however, we realized that several key concepts and linking words and phrases had been left out, because it was too late to make any changes in the book+it now becomes your task to complete the map, entering the missing information in the appmpriate places. If you have any trouble doing so, review the reading on thermal expansion and make a lank-ordered list of the important concepts you find there. Use the list in addressing the omissions in the map provided.
Assume you are measuring the specific heat of a sample of originally hot metal by using a calorimeter containing water. Because your calorimeter is not perfectly insulating, energy can transfer by heat between the contents of the calorimeter and the room. To obtain the most accurate result for the specific heat of the metal, you should use water with which initial temperature? (a) slightly lower than room temperature (b) the same as room temperature (c) slightly higher than room temperature (d) whatever you like because the initial temperature makes no difference