No ChatGPT please **Transcription for Educational Website****Question:**How many times does the processor need to refer to memory when it fetches and executes an indirect-address-mode instruction if the instruction is: (a) A computation requiring a **single operand**; (b) A **branch**?Need to provide explanation for the provided answers.---**Explanation:**In the context of indirect addressing mode, when a processor executes an instruction, it involves specific steps to access the required data:1. **Indirect Addressing:** - The memory address of the data is not given directly; instead, a reference to the address is provided. This reference resides in another memory location.2. **Computation Requiring a Single Operand:** - **Memory Access #1:** Retrieve the address from where the actual operand's address can be found. - **Memory Access #2:** Access the memory location using the obtained address to get the single operand required for the computation. - Hence, two memory accesses are required.3. **Branching Instruction:** - **Memory Access #1:** The address of the target location needed for the branch instruction is obtained indirectly. - Typically, branch instructions use the address to change the flow of the program. No further operand needs to be fetched for the branching to occur. - Thus, only one memory access is required.Understanding these steps helps in analyzing processor efficiency and optimizing instruction execution by minimizing memory accesses wherever possible.

Name: No ChatGPT please **Transcription for Educational Website****Question:
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Description: No ChatGPT please **Transcription for Educational Website****Question:**How many times does the processor need to refer to memory when it fetches and executes an indirect-address-mode instruction if the instruction is: (a) A computation requiring a *

Indirect addressing mode is a technique used in computer architecture where the actual memory address of an operand is not directly specified within the instruction. Instead, the instruction contains a memory address or a memory location pointer. The processor first fetches this address and then retrieves the operand from the memory location specified by the fetched address. This mode of addressing provides flexibility, allowing instructions to work with different memory locations without the need to modify the instruction itself. It is particularly useful when dealing with data structures or arrays, as the address can be dynamically calculated or changed during program execution. Indirect addressing simplifies the programming process by enabling instructions to operate on a wide range of memory locations, enhancing the versatility and efficiency of computer programs.For a computation requiring a single operandthe processor needs to refer to memory twice. First, to fetch the address of the operand, and then, after obtaining the address, a second memory access is made to fetch the actual operand value from the specified address.EXPLANATIONIn indirect-address mode, the processor fetches the address first and then fetches the operand from the memory location specified by this address. This sequence involves two memory accesses: one for the address and another for the operand value.In indirect-address mode, the processor fetches the address first and then fetches the operand from the memory location specified by this address. This sequence involves two memory accesses: one for the address and another for the operand value.For a Branchthe processor needs to refer to memory twice as well. Initially, to fetch the indirect address, and subsequently, to retrieve the instruction or data from the memory location pointed to by the indirect address. In both cases, two memory accesses are necessary to complete the operation.EXPLANATIONSimilar to the computation case, a branch instruction in indirect-address mode necessitates two memory accesses. The processor first fetches the indirect address and then fetches the actual instruction or data from the specified memory location. These dual memory accesses are crucial for the correct execution of branch instructions.Similar to the computation case, a branch instruction in indirect-address mode necessitates two memory accesses. The processor first fetches the indirect address and then fetches the actual instruction or data from the specified memory location. These dual memory accesses are crucial for the correct execution of branch instructions.ConclusionIn both scenarios (computation requiring a single operand and branch operation) involving indirect-address mode instructions, the processor needs to access memory twice. The first access fetches the indirect address, and the second access retrieves the actual data or instruction from the specified memory location. This dual memory access ensures the processor obtains the necessary information for the proper execution of the instruction.