How many non-empty subsequences does a string of length n have? For example, for the sequence represented by the array [1,3,6,9], [1,3] is a subsequence, and [1,6] is a subsequence, but [6,1] is not. Notice that the order of the elements in a sequence must be preserved in any subsequence

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Merge sort

Merge Sort recursively sorts a given collection of numbers or elements by using the divide and conquer strategy in less time. It is one of the most used algorithms, with the worst-case time complexity of O (n log n). It was invented by John Von Neumann. The algorithm continuously divides an array into sub-arrays until each sub-array consists of a single element. It then merges those sub-arrays to produce a sorted array.