How long will it take, in years, until today’s Hubble radius has expanded to 9 times its current size? Assume complete Dark Energy domination during this time, using the current value of H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc. Answer in years in scientific notation and include one decimal place (2 sig fig).
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How long will it take, in years, until today’s Hubble radius has expanded to 9 times its current size?
Assume complete Dark Energy domination during this time, using the current value of H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc.
Answer in years in scientific notation and include one decimal place (2 sig fig).
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- The Hubble constant is (approximately) 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec. At approximately how far in the future, will the scale-factor be 1% larger than it is today?In the reading, you were told that there were roughly 10,000 galaxies in the image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field alone. The image is roughly 10 square arcminutes and there are roughly 1.5*10^8 square arcminutes composing the entire sky. With that in mind and assuming that the Hubble Ultra Deep Field represents an average part of the sky, roughly how many galaxies may exist in the observable universe? (Please include commas for every factor of 1,000; for example 2,343,567,890)Calculate the age of the universe for the following Hubble's constant, (a) 30 km/s/Mpc
- MehulWith the aid of a diagram, explain the physical origin of cosmological redshift in an expanding universe, and how this differs from the Doppler shift due to relative motion. Observations of distantgalaxies indicate that their recession velocities, v, and their distances, d, follow a Hubble Law:v = H0d, where H0 is a constant. Using the analogy of an expanding grid or ruler, demonstratethat Hubble’s Law indicates that the Universe is undergoing uniform expansion.Another explanation for the Universe is the Steady State Hypothesis. The Steady State Hypothesis says that the Universe has always existed and is infinite in extent. Which of the following supports the Big Bang Theory and which supports the Steady State Model. (Select B-Big Bang Theory, S-Steady State Model, If the first is B and the rest S, enter BSSSSS). A) An observation that some globular clusters show M-type stars that have evolved off the main sequence. B) The measurement of redshifts that show galaxies appear to be moving away from each other and the Universe is expanding. C) A measurement that shows the density of the Universe is close to the critical density. D) The measurement of the microwave background radiation. E) Observing that galaxies at very large distances look identical to those in the nearby universe.
- If Bν ~ 10-5 Jy Ω-1, what is the brightness temperature (TB) at 1 GHz?A new astronomical measurement suggests that the Hubble constant is 51 kilometers per second per Megaparsec. If this measurement is correct, what would the Hubble time be in units of years? Is this a plausible value based on other astronomical evidence? Why or why not?A galaxy's rotation curve is a measure of the orbital speed of stars as a function of distance from the galaxy's centre. The fact that rotation curves are primarily flat at large galactocen- tric distances (vrot(r) ~ constant) is the most common example of why astronomer's believe dark matter exists. Let's work out why! Assuming that each star in a given galaxy has a circular orbit, we know that the accelera- tion due to gravity felt by each star is due to the mass enclosed within its orbital radius r and equal to v?/r. Here, ve is the circular orbit velocity of the star. (a) Show that the expected relationship between ve and r due to the stellar halo (p(r) xr-3.5) does not produce a flat rotation curve. (b) Show that a p(r) ∞ r¯² density profile successfully produces a flat ro- tation curve and must therefore be the general profile that dark matter follows in our galaxy.