How is the boiling point of water affected when some salt is added to it?

The air inside a hot-air balloon has a temperature of 370 K and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, the same as that of the air outside. Using the composition of air as 78% N2, 21% O2, and 1% Ar, find the density of the air inside the balloon.

Why does a beaker of 40.0C water placed in a vacuum chamber start to boil as the chamber is evacuated (air is pumped out of the chamber)? At what pressure does the boiling begin? Would food cook any faster in such a beaker?

When you use a bottle of vinegar-and-oil salad dressing, you have to shake it up for mixing. Why?

Would you expect to be larger for a gas or a solid?

You are working as an expert witness for an attorney who is suing a shipping company. The company operates ships that carry crude oil across the oceans. One ship suffered an oil spill, in which the spilled oil spreads out into a slick, forming a thin film that floats on the ocean surface. The legal issue is whether or not the ship spilled more or less than a volume of 10.0 m3 of oil into the ocean. You are reading documents that describe the oil slick on the ocean surface. In one document, you find out that reflection tests were performed on the oil slick. These tests showed that the ocean surface showed a maximum of interference for 500-nm light over a circular area of radius 4.25 km surrounding the location at which the spill occurred. At distances farther from the location, the ocean surface showed no constructive interference, indicating that no oil was present. The type of oil involved has an index of refraction of n = 1.25. Determine for the attorney the minimum amount of oil that was spilled.

Give descriptions of a solid, a liquid, and a gas in terms of shape and volume.

Review. Oxygen at pressures much greater than 1 atm is toxic to lung cells. Assume a deep-sea diver breathes a mixture of oxygen (O2) and helium (He). By weight, what ratio of helium to oxygen must be used if the diver is at an ocean depth of 50.0 m?

The mass of a hot-air balloon and its cargo (not including the air inside) is 200 kg. The air outside is at 10.0C and 101 kPa. The volume of the balloon is 400 m3. To what temperature must the air in the balloon be warmed before the balloon will lift off? (Air density at 10.0C is 1.244 kg/m3.)

Suppose that the typical speed (vrms) of carbon dioxide molecules (molar mass is 44.0 g/mol) in a flame is found to be 1350 m/s. What temperature does this indicate?