Answered: How is it possible for humans to differ…

How is it possible for humans to differ genetically from each other if we all have the same genes arranged in the same order on our chromosomes?

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter18: Cell Reproduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3RQ

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Concept explainers

Genome annotation

The technique of linking biological information to genome sequences is termed genome annotation. Gene annotation is the method of identifying gene locations and coding sections. It helps us understand what these genes are doing in the body through establishing structural characteristics and linking them to the actions of various proteins.

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How is it possible for humans to differ genetically from each other if we all have the
same genes arranged in the same order on our chromosomes?

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The karyotype of a young girl who is affected with familialDown syndrome revealed a total of 46 chromosomes. Her olderbrother, however, who is phenotypically unaffected, actually had45 chromosomes. Explain how this could happen. What wouldyou expect to be the numbers of chromosomes in the parents ofthese two children?
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Researchers have discovered that some regions of chromosomesare much more likely than others to cross over. We might callsuch a region a “hot spot” for crossing over. Let’s suppose thattwo genes, gene A and gene B, are 5,000,000 bp apart on thesame chromosome. Genes A and B are in a hot spot for crossingover. Two other genes, let’s call them gene C and gene D, are also5,000,000 bp apart but are not in a hot spot for crossing over. Ifwe conducted two-factor crosses to compute the map distancebetween genes A and B and other two-factor crosses to compute themap distance between genes C and D, would the calculated mapdistance between A and B be the same as that between C and D? Explain.
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