How does punishment differ from negative reinforcement, and how doespunishment affect behavior?
How does punishment differ from negative reinforcement, and how does
punishment affect behavior?
Operant conditioning is a method of learning in which the person learns through punishments or reinforcements. Through these reinforcements and punishments, the individual makes associations with the behavior and its consequence. If the consequence is seen to be positive, the individual sticks to the behavior, whereas if the consequence is negative then the individual inhibits the behavior. There are four components of operant conditioning i.e., positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. The difference between punishment and negative reinforcement is as follows:
Punishment:
- Positive Punishment:
Positive punishment refers to introducing an unpleasant event or outcome after an undesirable behavior is exhibited to decrease the likelihood of the behavior. - Negative Punishment:
Negative punishment refers to the removal of a pleasant event or outcome from the environment after an undesirable behavior is exhibited to decrease the likelihood of the behavior.
Negative Reinforcement:
Negative reinforcements involve the removal of unfavorable events after the desired behaviors are exhibited. In this process, the response is strengthened and favored by the removal of outcomes that are considered to be unpleasant.
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