How does a cost-efficient capital market help reduce the prices of goods and services? Describe the different ways in which capital can be transferred from suppliers of capital to those who are demanding capital. Is an initial public offering an example of a primary or a secondary market transaction? Indicate whether the following instruments are examples of money market or capital market securities. a. US Treasury bills b. Long-term corporate bonds c. Common stocks d. Preferred stocks e. Dealer commercial paper Briefly explain what is meant by the term efficiency continuum.

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Market Efficiency

Market efficiency refers to the market's ability to provide investors with all available information about investment options for buying and selling securities. Market efficiency reflects the true value of securities without undervaluing or overvaluing them. When the quality and quantity of information increase, the market becomes more efficient, allowing it to reduce arbitrage and obtain higher market returns from investment. In a well-functioning market, everyone receives all information completely and immediately at no cost. It opens up a plethora of opportunities for investors to access various investment options.