Answered: How do you find genes in the genome?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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How do you find genes in the genome?

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Step 1

Genes are coding sequences present in the genome. They can either code for proteins or RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules. The determination of the number of genes in an organism is important to study various functional aspects. The study of the developmental and disease processes requires the knowledge of genes in an organism.

Step 2

The identification of genes in a genome requires the utilization of bioinformatics tools. The genes contain several distinctive features that can allow their identification. In the Ab initio method, the bioinformatic tool searches for promoter sequences, start codon, stop codon in the genome sequence. The genome regions exhibiting compositional bias are correlated with coding regions.
In the evidence-based method, the information from the transcript and the protein sequence is taken into consideration. The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is transcribed into messenger RNA and mRNA is translated into proteins. Therefore, by moving backward from the amino acid sequence of protein or mRNA sequence we can determine the possible gene sequences. For example, if we have the sequence of a protein then we can determine all the possible DNA sequences that can give rise to this protein. The different permutation and combination of codons that code for the amino acids of the protein can generate a family of DNA sequences. The information derived from these prediction methods can be combined and aligned with the genome sequence to find the best match.

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