How close to the Sun would a spacecraft have to go to reach the distance at which the flux of solar energy is 20 times as large as the solar energy flux at the Earth?
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- An astrophysicist determines the surface temperature of a distant star is 14,600 K. The surface temperature of the Sun is about 5800 K. "If the surface temperature of the Sun were to suddenly increase to 14,600 K, by how much would the radiated heat increase? (Express your answer to two significant figures.)The solar insolation at the top of the atmosphere is about 342 W/m^2. The total radiation absorbed at the surface of the Earth is 494 W/m^2. Explain how it is possible to absorb more radiation at the surface than comes in at the top of the atmosphere. (Answer should be one paragraph long)On mars, the surface temperature can be 55 F What is this temperatures in Celsius scale? (Hint: T F =(9/5)T C +32)
- If the temperature of an object goes from 900 K to 9000 K, By what factor is its energy emitted per second increased?At a certain altitude, a standard altimeter reads 3,000 meters. If the density altitude is 2,500 meters, find the true temperature in Kelvin.a.Calculate the mass loss rate of the Sun M˙ due to the solar wind flow. Assume averageproperties of the solar wind of number density 6 protons cm−3, and a flow speed of 450 kms−1. Express your answer in units of both kg per year, and solar masses per year. b.Suppose the solar wind flow is perfectly radial. Calculate the expected rate of change ofsolar rotation frequency dω/dt at the present time, based on conservation of angular momentum. Give your answer in units of rad s−1 y−1(i.e., radians per second per year) and alsoin terms of fractional change per year, i.e., 1/ωdω/dt .Use a current solar rotation period of P = 25.38 days to calculate the current angularfrequency of rotation ω. The moment of inertia of a uniform sphere is 2/5 MR2. You canassume that the radius of the Sun is approximately constant, and the change in its momentof inertia due to the solar wind is only due to the mass loss. c.By observing the rotation period of stars similar to the Sun, it is inferred that their…