How Chromosomal Rearrangements are Caused?
Numerous structural rearrangements in chromosomes have been characterised, inversions and translocations being more common which can be marked during meiosis, by the adaptive pairing of rearranged chromosomes with their previous homologs to preserve adequate gene alignment.
A chromosomal rearrangement means that chromosome parts are missing, duplicated (extra copies are available), or shifted around. The implications vary. They depend on which pieces of chromosome are involved and how they are rearranged. Some have no effects, some are life-incompatible, and some are somewhere in between. Rearrangements can be caused artificially by using ionising radiation, consistent with the root of chromosomal rearrangements by breakage. This form of radiation is extremely energetic and induces multiple double-stranded breaks in DNA, of which X rays and gamma rays are the most frequently used.
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