Answered: How can the sample covariance be used…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question

How can the sample covariance be used to estimate the covariance of random variables?

Definition Definition Measure of how two random variables change together. Covariance indicates the joint variability or the directional relationship between two variables. When two variables change in the same direction (i.e., if they either increase or decrease together), they have a positive covariance. When the change is in opposite directions (i.e., if one increases and the other decreases), the two variables have a a negative covariance.

Expert Solution

Step 1

The covariance is used to measure the relationship between two random variables, that is, to what extent the variables are changing together.

When both the variables tend to move in the same direction, it is known as positive covariance.

When both the variables tend to move in the opposite direction, it is known as negative covariance.

Step 2

The formula for covariance of random variables, that is, population covariance is,

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