how can i organize the first paragraph into two paragraphs that make sense without changing anything from the last paragraph and without adding or deleting any sentences? Gender differences in avian song behavior are associated with large gender differences in the organization of brain regions that control vocal learning and production. This neural system includes motoneurons that innervate the syrinx (the vocal organ of birds) and a series of midbrain and telencephalic nuclei. Song behavior in passerine songbirds is an androgen-dependent behavior, and in most species, males sing much more frequently than females. In zebra finches, this gender difference in behavior is extreme. In response to circulating androgens, adult male zebra finches produce a courtship song that they learn from their fathers during adolescence (Arnold, 1975; Immelmann, 1969; Prove, 1974). In zebra finches, all of the song-related nuclei are larger in males than in females (Nottebohm and Arnold, 1976), and, in most of these regions, neurons are larger and more numerous in males than in females (Arnold, 1980; Gurney, 1981; Gurney, 1982). In contrast, adult females do not sing even if injected with androgens. There are several mechanisms by which these gender differences in neuron number could develop. First, more neurons might be generated in young males than in females. Second, more neurons might migrate and differentiate within song-related nuclei in males than in females. A final possibility is that more neurons may survive in certain brain regions of males than in females. This latter mechanism is particularly likely if song regions exhibit a developmental period of naturally occurring neuron death. To explore these possibilities, we measured the development of gender differences in neuron number within two song nuclei, the HVC (acronym used as the proper name) and the robust nucleus of the archopallium (RA). We report that the development of gender differences in neuron number differs markedly in these two regions, suggesting significant regional variation in the developmental events that are regulated by gender differentiation.
how can i organize the first paragraph into two paragraphs that make sense without changing anything from the last paragraph and without adding or deleting any sentences?
Gender differences in avian song behavior are associated with large gender differences in the organization of brain regions that control vocal learning and production. This neural system includes motoneurons that innervate the syrinx (the vocal organ of birds) and a series of midbrain and telencephalic nuclei. Song behavior in passerine songbirds is an androgen-dependent behavior, and in most species, males sing much more frequently than females. In zebra finches, this gender difference in behavior is extreme. In response to circulating androgens, adult male zebra finches produce a courtship song that they learn from their fathers during adolescence (Arnold, 1975; Immelmann, 1969; Prove, 1974). In zebra finches, all of the song-related nuclei are larger in males than in females (Nottebohm and Arnold, 1976), and, in most of these regions, neurons are larger and more numerous in males than in females (Arnold, 1980; Gurney, 1981; Gurney, 1982). In contrast, adult females do not sing even if injected with androgens.
There are several mechanisms by which these gender differences in neuron number could develop. First, more neurons might be generated in young males than in females. Second, more neurons might migrate and differentiate within song-related nuclei in males than in females. A final possibility is that more neurons may survive in certain brain regions of males than in females. This latter mechanism is particularly likely if song regions exhibit a developmental period of naturally occurring neuron death. To explore these possibilities, we measured the development of gender differences in neuron number within two song nuclei, the HVC (acronym used as the proper name) and the robust nucleus of the archopallium (RA). We report that the development of gender differences in neuron number differs markedly in these two regions, suggesting significant regional variation in the developmental events that are regulated by gender differentiation.
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