How are the curves on these pages different from a be curve ? They are not different b. They are skewed to the positive side They are skewed to the negative side d. a. С. None of these
Optimization
Optimization comes from the same root as "optimal". "Optimal" means the highest. When you do the optimization process, that is when you are "making it best" to maximize everything and to achieve optimal results, a set of parameters is the base for the selection of the best element for a given system.
Integration
Integration means to sum the things. In mathematics, it is the branch of Calculus which is used to find the area under the curve. The operation subtraction is the inverse of addition, division is the inverse of multiplication. In the same way, integration and differentiation are inverse operators. Differential equations give a relation between a function and its derivative.
Application of Integration
In mathematics, the process of integration is used to compute complex area related problems. With the application of integration, solving area related problems, whether they are a curve, or a curve between lines, can be done easily.
Volume
In mathematics, we describe the term volume as a quantity that can express the total space that an object occupies at any point in time. Usually, volumes can only be calculated for 3-dimensional objects. By 3-dimensional or 3D objects, we mean objects that have length, breadth, and height (or depth).
Area
Area refers to the amount of space a figure encloses and the number of square units that cover a shape. It is two-dimensional and is measured in square units.
![ai Gns sulsy bonsedo
stioqd ilun ords nord T Observed
odi s sola The table looks like this. boyado or nd
Section 11-l Test for Goodness of Fit
593
Frequency
Cherry
Strawberry
dje- Expected
Orange
Grape
Lime
32
20
28
20
The test value is computed by subtracting the expected value from the
corresponding observed value, squaring the result and dividing by the
16
20
14
20
10
20
Step 4
expected value, and finding the sum of all these values.
(0 - E)
E
(32 – 20)²
(28 – 20)²
(16 – 20)2
%3D
(14 – 20)2
(10 – 20)2
+
20
20
20
20
20
= 18.000
Step 4
Make the decision. The decision is to reject the null hypothesis, since
18.000 > 9.488, as shown in Figure 11-1.
FIGURE 11-1
Critical and Test Values
for Example 11-1bA lo leved oileoub3 AMAX3
eian lon bilb alubs 10ET Ja Bi
ud noiteoubo ogolloo omoz hoo
nog r li pon oT 201eubem
olesos Vinuo nloonodi dAwSloboo olanos o
d dalni on bib EA atr bro
28 bru noileoubo s maz bid
20 as torject the clalm Itn
Z y diferen from thoe
w b os0.95 renogfily
0.05
rea
x²
O10 G G tnu bioboioue mo pe ee
9.488
18.000
Step 5
Summarize the results. There is enough evidence to reject the claim that
consumers show no preference for the flavors.
ion bib EIwollo
Also P-values can be found for this test. In Example 11–1, the test value was 18.000.
o sm bedoc If you look across the row with d.f. = 4 of Table G, you will find that 18.000 is
mislo) soph gooli beyond 14.860, which corresponds to the 0.005 a value at the top of the table. Hence
P-value < 0.005, and the null hypothesis would be rejected.
To get some idea of why this test is called the goodness-of-fit test, examine graphs of
a mobogr o the observed values and expected values from Example 11–1. See Figure 11–2. From the
graphs, you can see whether the observed values and expected values are close together
or far apart. In this case, the observed values and the expected values are far apart, so this
aizorioq l lun
aulev bolboqshot a good fit. As a result, we reject the null hypothesis. of fredore
FIGURE 11-2
Graphs of the Observed and
Expected Values for Soda
Flavors
Step 3
30
ing he forula
174
008
20-
8 00
10 +
The able
Cherry Strawberry Orange
flavor
Lime
Grape
* Expected values
Observed values
11-5
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![How are the curves on these pages different from a bell
curve ?
They are not different
b. They are skewed to the positive side
They are skewed to the negative side
a.
Pages
593-596
С.
d.
None of these](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb5167091-34c3-4967-8a1d-72f8c799fb16%2F002738a7-7768-4de7-9cfc-f10e82e04557%2Fif09kx4_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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