Hiro is a 46-year-old male who has recently acquired severe food poisoning, which caused 72 hours of frequent vomiting and diarrhea. The third day after his symptoms began, Hiro experienced heart palpitations and confusion. He had trouble answering simple questions and felt disoriented. His care team was concerned about these new symptoms and decided to perform a urinalysis and several blood tests to determine the cause. These are Hiro’s results:   Blood Calcium Level: 4.6 mEq/L Blood Sodium Level: 140 mEq/L Blood Potassium Level: 2.9 mEq/L Urine Specific Gravity: 1.020 Hiro’s electrolyte imbalance is caused by vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following could also cause his condition? (Select all that apply.)   Excessive laxative use   Diuretics   Excess aldosterone secretion   Diabetic ketoacidosis   Folic acid supplements

Q: Mr. Wilkinson had a urinalysis performed that showed a substantial amount of blood in his urine. Why…

A: Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine and kidney stones are solid crystalline structures…

Q: What is the sodium-calcium exchanger? How does it work? What other pump is required in order for it…

A: The sodium-calcium exchanger, often referred to as the sodium-calcium antiporter or simply NCX, is a…

Q: A 45-year-old man develops renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy. He also develops…

A: Nephropathy is a condition in which decoration or decrease in function of the kidney. The most…

Q: How much calcium does a young adult body contain?

A: Calcium is a vital mineral that is important for the sustenance of life. It helps in building bones,…

Q: Julian was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus on his tenth birthday. His 68-year-old uncle was just…

A: Diabetes is a clinical condition in which there occurs an increased level of blood sugar. This…

Q: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive…

A: Grave's disease is an autoimmune disease which can lead to overactive thyroid and is caused by…

Q: Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: The vitamin associated with calcium…

A: A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient which an organism needs in small…

Q: How is calcium so important action of PTH in the kidneys?

A: PTH raises calcium levels by releasing calcium from your bones and increasing the amount of calcium…

Q: A 30-year old man has a malabsorption syndrome characterized by abdominal distension, loose stools…

A: Malabsorption syndrome is a condition that occurs when the body is unable to properly absorb…

Q: What are the ways in which PTH acts on the kidneys to increase plasma calcium levels?

A: The parathyroid hormone works united with another hormone, calcitonin, which's made by the thyroid…

Q: calcitonin has what effect on the kidneys decreased glucose absorption increases glucose absorption…

A: The endocrine gland is a gland that liberates its secretion/ material into the blood as ducts are…

Q: What is rigor mortis? What causes this (discuss calcium's roll specifically)? Why does rigor mortis…

A: Ans. Muscles are soft tissues. Actin and myosin protein filaments that slide past one another make…

Q: Renal calculi contain crystallized calcium, magnesium, and uric acid. Explain why patients with…

A: Renal calculi are also known as kidney stones. They are solid masses made of crystals. Kidney stones…

Q: discuss the hormonal regulation of serum calcium

A: normal serum calcium level is 8-10 mg/dL. It is very important to control and maintain such levels…

Q: What are the homeostatic roles and functions that calcium plays in the skeletal, muscular,…

A: Calcium is most abundant mineral in the human body as it is not only mineralized the bone but also…

Q: Which hormone(s) act(s) to raise serum calcium levels?

A: Hormones are the chemical molecules which acts as a chemical messenger for different body tissues…

Q: Name a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that acts to lower blood calcium.

A: Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland that develops from the endoderm of embryo. It is…

Q: Hiro is a 46-year-old male who has recently acquired severe food poisoning, which caused 72 hours of…

A: The disorders that arise due to alternations in the composition of body fluids are called…

Q: The concentration of calcium in the blood decreases below the homeostatic level. How does the body…

A: A maintained state of internal, external conditions in a living system is called as homeostasis.…

Q: Name a hormone that acts to raise blood calcium.

A: The parathyroid glands are the four small glands of the endocrine system which are located in the…

Q: Why did the calcium levels in the blood drop to 7.1mg/dl? Explain in detail the drop in calcium…

A: Calcium is the most common mineral in the body. Calcium helps to build and fix bones, help nerves…

Q: how cirrhosis lead to bone disese ?( explain).

A: The term "bone disease" describes a broad spectrum of illnesses that impair the skeletal system's…

Q: What factors affect calcium absorption? What is the association between calcium and vitamin D and…

A: Introduction- Calcium is a mineral most often associated with healthy bones and teeth, although it…

Q: What are the functions of calcium?

A: The human body requires a lot of minerals and nutrients in order to function properly. Some minerals…

Q: A 45-year-old man develops renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy. He also develops…

A: Renal failure: Renal failure, also known as kidney failure, is a condition characterized by the loss…

Q: In kidney diseases where excretion of hydrogen ions is impaired, bones start to soften, causing…

A: A metabolic bone disorder called osteomalacia is characterized by poor mineralization of the bone…

Q: What happens to calcium during urine formation and how does it develop into kidney stones?

A: The calcium ions are involved in different functions within the body including bone growth, muscle…

Q: Identify the current Reference Daily Intake (RDI) for the calcium for an average adult

A: Calcium is an important mineral that needs to be included in our daily diet as it is essential for…

Q: Where are most of the calcium ions found in the body?

A: Calciums are considered as the essential component of the body, which are required to maintain a…

Q: Explain the general information on the plasma membrane calcium pump

A: A pump is a transmembrane protein that moves the solute against the concentration gradient. Thereby,…

Q: What is indicated when serum alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyproline, and osteocalcin levels increase?

A: Biochemistry lab test of Blood revels many  abnormalities in the blood through which the diagnosis…

Q: e primary hormone controlling blood calcium levels in humans is: calcitriol

A: Hormones can be defined as chemical substances that will perform and work like messenger molecules…

Q: Hiro is a 46-year-old male who has recently acquired severe food poisoning, which caused 72 hours of…

A: Urinalysis is a screening test commonly prescribed by doctors to check if there is any kind of…

Q: Which glands are in

A: Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and is  the most important regulator of…

Q: Hiro is a 46-year-old male who has recently acquired severe food poisoning, which caused 72 hours of…

A: To determine: To determine the specific gravity level of a patient using the given report

Q: Chalcedonia has a pituitary tumor which increased release of ADH. Which of the following symptoms…

A: Hormones are also known as chemical messengers. Hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands and…

Q: during a state of hypocalcemia (low blood calcium), more calcium needs to be reabsorbed at the…

A: Hormones are chemical compounds that are released directly into the blood from endocrine glands (the…

Q: Osmoregulation is a process that helps control the amount of water in the blood stream. One of the…

A: Antidiuretic hormone or ADH, is synthesized by nerve cells located at the base of the brain known as…

Q: What is the set-point of our body's calcium level receptors

A: The setpoint is described as the physiological value around which the normal value fluctuates. The…

Q: What are the receptors that detect changes in your body's calcium levels? (to maintain homestasis)

A: Homeostasis refers to maintaining an optimum level of certain factors in the body. Like, maintain…

Q: Present your explanation why would the alkalosis produced by hypoparathyroidism decrease serum free…

A: Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition in which the body generates unusually low quantities of the…

Q: What function of the kidneys could explain why her blood calcitriol levels were low?

A: Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D.It is normally produced in proximal tubular cells of…

Q: Nico is 84 and is in good health. However, he is recently having difficulties emptying his bladder.…

A: The kidneys are responsible for elimination of nitrogenous wastes from the body in the form of…