hence is perpendie 3. From vector N, form a unit vector n in the same direction. 4. Use symmetric equations to find a convenient vector v12 that lies between any two points, one on each line. Again, this can be done directly from the symmetric equations. 5. The dot product of two vectors is the magnitude of the projection of one vector onto the other-that is, A B = || A || B || cos 6, where 6 is the angle between the vectors. Using the dot product, find the %3D projection of vector v12 found in step 4 onto unit vector n found in step 3. This projection is perpendicular to both lines, and hence its length must be the perpendicular distance d between them. Note that the value of d may be negative, depending on your choice of vector v12 or the order of the cross product, so use absolute value signs around the numerator. 6. Check that your formula gives the correct distance of |-25VV198 1.78 between the following two lines:

Calculus: Early Transcendentals
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Author:James Stewart
Publisher:James Stewart
Chapter1: Functions And Models
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RCC: (a) What is a function? What are its domain and range? (b) What is the graph of a function? (c) How...
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Not sure what I am being asked to do here.
ome Quiz 3
Due 3/15/2021 dt l1 dim
Distance between Two Skew Lines
Figure 2.73 Industrial pipe installations often feature pipes running in
different directions. How can we find the distance between two skew pipes?
Finding the distance from a point to a line or from a line to a plane seems like a pretty abstract procedure. But, if the
lines represent pipes in a chemical plant or tubes in an oil refinery or roads at an intersection of highways, confirming
that the distance between them meets specifications can be both important and awkward to measure. One way is to
model the two pipes as lines, using the techniques in this chapter, and then calculate the distance between them. The
calculation involves forming vectors along the directions of the lines and using both the cross product and the dot
product.
The symmetric forms of two lines, L and L2, are
y-y2 -
b2
%3D
a2
You are to develop a formula for the distance d between these two lines, in terms of the values
a1, b1, c1; a2, b2, c2; x1, y1, z1; and x2, y2, 22. The distance between two lines is usually taken to mean the
minimum distance, so this is the length of a line segment or the length of a vector that is perpendicular to both lines
and intersects both lines.
1. First, write down two vectors, v and v2, that lie along L and L2, respectively.
2. Find the cross product of these two vectors and call it N. This vector is perpendicular to vi and v2, and
1
Transcribed Image Text:ome Quiz 3 Due 3/15/2021 dt l1 dim Distance between Two Skew Lines Figure 2.73 Industrial pipe installations often feature pipes running in different directions. How can we find the distance between two skew pipes? Finding the distance from a point to a line or from a line to a plane seems like a pretty abstract procedure. But, if the lines represent pipes in a chemical plant or tubes in an oil refinery or roads at an intersection of highways, confirming that the distance between them meets specifications can be both important and awkward to measure. One way is to model the two pipes as lines, using the techniques in this chapter, and then calculate the distance between them. The calculation involves forming vectors along the directions of the lines and using both the cross product and the dot product. The symmetric forms of two lines, L and L2, are y-y2 - b2 %3D a2 You are to develop a formula for the distance d between these two lines, in terms of the values a1, b1, c1; a2, b2, c2; x1, y1, z1; and x2, y2, 22. The distance between two lines is usually taken to mean the minimum distance, so this is the length of a line segment or the length of a vector that is perpendicular to both lines and intersects both lines. 1. First, write down two vectors, v and v2, that lie along L and L2, respectively. 2. Find the cross product of these two vectors and call it N. This vector is perpendicular to vi and v2, and 1
hence is perpendicular to both lines.
3. From vector N, form a unit vector n in the same direction.
4. Use symmetric equations to find a convenient vector v2 that lies between any two points, one on each line.
Again, this can be done directly from the symmetric equations.
5. The dot product of two vectors is the magnitude of the projection of one vector onto the other-that is,
A B= || A || || B || cos 6, where 0 is the angle between the vectors. Using the dot product, find the
projection of vector v12 found in step 4 onto unit vector n found in step 3. This projection is perpendicular
to both lines, and hence its length must be the perpendicular distance d between them. Note that the value of
d may be negative, depending on your choice of vector v12 or the order of the cross product, so use absolute
value signs around the numerator.
6. Check that your formula gives the correct distance of |-25/V198 z 1.78 between the following two lines:
7. Is your general expression valid when the lines are parallel? If not, why not? (Hint: What do you know about
the value of the cross product of two parallel vectors? Where would that result show up in your expression for
d?)
8. Demonstrate that your expression for the distance is zero when the lines intersect. Recall that two lines intersect
if they are not parallel and they are in the same plane. Hence, consider the direction of n and v12. What is
the result of their dot product?
9. Consider the following application. Engineers at a refinery have determined they need to install support struts
between many of the gas pipes to reduce damaging vibrations. To minimize cost, they plan to install these struts
at the closest points between adjacent skewed pipes. Because they have detailed schematics of the structure,
they are able to determine the correct lengths of the struts needed, and hence manufacture and distribute them
to the installation crews without spending valuable time making measurements.
The rectangular frame structure has the dimensions 4.0 x 15.0 x 10.0 m (height, width, and depth). One
sector has a pipe entering the lower corner of the standard frame unit and exiting at the diametrically opposed
cormer (the one farthest away at the top); call this L1. A second pipe enters and exits at the two different
opposite lower corners; call this L2 (Figure 2.74).
4 m
15 m
10 m
Transcribed Image Text:hence is perpendicular to both lines. 3. From vector N, form a unit vector n in the same direction. 4. Use symmetric equations to find a convenient vector v2 that lies between any two points, one on each line. Again, this can be done directly from the symmetric equations. 5. The dot product of two vectors is the magnitude of the projection of one vector onto the other-that is, A B= || A || || B || cos 6, where 0 is the angle between the vectors. Using the dot product, find the projection of vector v12 found in step 4 onto unit vector n found in step 3. This projection is perpendicular to both lines, and hence its length must be the perpendicular distance d between them. Note that the value of d may be negative, depending on your choice of vector v12 or the order of the cross product, so use absolute value signs around the numerator. 6. Check that your formula gives the correct distance of |-25/V198 z 1.78 between the following two lines: 7. Is your general expression valid when the lines are parallel? If not, why not? (Hint: What do you know about the value of the cross product of two parallel vectors? Where would that result show up in your expression for d?) 8. Demonstrate that your expression for the distance is zero when the lines intersect. Recall that two lines intersect if they are not parallel and they are in the same plane. Hence, consider the direction of n and v12. What is the result of their dot product? 9. Consider the following application. Engineers at a refinery have determined they need to install support struts between many of the gas pipes to reduce damaging vibrations. To minimize cost, they plan to install these struts at the closest points between adjacent skewed pipes. Because they have detailed schematics of the structure, they are able to determine the correct lengths of the struts needed, and hence manufacture and distribute them to the installation crews without spending valuable time making measurements. The rectangular frame structure has the dimensions 4.0 x 15.0 x 10.0 m (height, width, and depth). One sector has a pipe entering the lower corner of the standard frame unit and exiting at the diametrically opposed cormer (the one farthest away at the top); call this L1. A second pipe enters and exits at the two different opposite lower corners; call this L2 (Figure 2.74). 4 m 15 m 10 m
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