Hemophilia is called "the royal disease" because many European royal families had members with the condition. Hemophilia is a recessive, X-linked disorder. Queen Victoria was unaffected by hemophilia, but was a carrier of the hemophilia gene (X*X). Suppose Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, was affected with hemophilia (X Y). What is the percent probability that a son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert would be unaffected by hemophilia? probability of unaffected son: What is the percent probability that a daughter or son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert would be affected by hemophilia? probability of affected child: What is the percent probability Queen Victoria and Prince Albert would have two affected females? probability of two affected females: % % %

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Communication

Communication is a method of transferring information between two persons or organisms. Communication is possible using mutually understood behaviors such as signs, symbols, or language. In the year 1980, S. F. Scudder proposed communication theory. According to his ideas, all living beings on the earth communicate, but the methods of communication differ. Communication skills are now part of soft skills.