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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Things to look at in Ecological Pyramids:**
- The concentration of toxic substances in food chains
- The vulnerability of top carnivores
- The limited length of food chains

| Type of Pyramid         | Units                                            | Description | Pros and Cons               |
|-------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|-------------|-----------------------------|
| **Pyramid of Numbers**  | a number                                         |             | **Pros:**                   |
|                         |                                                  |             |                             |
|                         |                                                  |             | **Cons:**                   |
|                         |                                                  |             |                             |
| **Biomass Pyramid**     | g m⁻² (land)                                     |             | **Pros:**                   |
|                         | g m⁻³ (liquids)                                  |             |                             |
|                         | J (energy content)                               |             | **Cons:**                   |
|                         |                                                  |             |                             |
| **Pyramid of Productivity** | J m⁻²/yr                                   |             | **Pros:**                   |
|                         |                                                  |             |                             |
|                         |                                                  |             | **Cons:**                   |
Transcribed Image Text:**Things to look at in Ecological Pyramids:** - The concentration of toxic substances in food chains - The vulnerability of top carnivores - The limited length of food chains | Type of Pyramid | Units | Description | Pros and Cons | |-------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|-------------|-----------------------------| | **Pyramid of Numbers** | a number | | **Pros:** | | | | | | | | | | **Cons:** | | | | | | | **Biomass Pyramid** | g m⁻² (land) | | **Pros:** | | | g m⁻³ (liquids) | | | | | J (energy content) | | **Cons:** | | | | | | | **Pyramid of Productivity** | J m⁻²/yr | | **Pros:** | | | | | | | | | | **Cons:** |
**Ecological Pyramids**

**2.1.4 Explain** the principles of pyramids of numbers, pyramids of biomass, and pyramids of productivity, and construct such pyramids from given data.

**2.1.5 Discuss** how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.

Create pyramids for the following data. Label the pyramids appropriately (number pyramid, pyramid of productivity, pyramid of biomass).

| A | B | C |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Number Pyramid** | **Biomass Pyramid** (kJ m⁻²) | **Productivity Pyramid** (kJ m⁻²/yr) |
| **Primary Producers** | 100,000 | 2,500 | 500 |
| **Primary Consumers** | 10,000 | 200 | 50 |
| **Secondary Consumers** | 2,000 | 15 | 5 |
| **Tertiary Consumers** | 500 | 1 | -- |

| D | E | F | G |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Number Pyramid** | **Number Pyramid** | **Biomass Pyramid** (g m⁻²) | **Biomass Pyramid** (g m⁻²) |
| **Primary Producers** | 1,500,000 | 1 | 807 | 4.0 |
| **Primary Consumers** | 200,000 | 2,000 | 37 | 21.0 |
| **Secondary Consumers** | 9,000 | 90 | 11 | -- |
| **Tertiary Consumers** | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | -- |

This table represents ecological data for creating pyramids of numbers, biomass, and productivity. The entries show the quantity or biomass of each trophic level, which consists of primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers. The data is to be used to understand how energy and biomass are distributed across different levels of an ecosystem.
Transcribed Image Text:**Ecological Pyramids** **2.1.4 Explain** the principles of pyramids of numbers, pyramids of biomass, and pyramids of productivity, and construct such pyramids from given data. **2.1.5 Discuss** how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem. Create pyramids for the following data. Label the pyramids appropriately (number pyramid, pyramid of productivity, pyramid of biomass). | A | B | C | | --- | --- | --- | | **Number Pyramid** | **Biomass Pyramid** (kJ m⁻²) | **Productivity Pyramid** (kJ m⁻²/yr) | | **Primary Producers** | 100,000 | 2,500 | 500 | | **Primary Consumers** | 10,000 | 200 | 50 | | **Secondary Consumers** | 2,000 | 15 | 5 | | **Tertiary Consumers** | 500 | 1 | -- | | D | E | F | G | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **Number Pyramid** | **Number Pyramid** | **Biomass Pyramid** (g m⁻²) | **Biomass Pyramid** (g m⁻²) | | **Primary Producers** | 1,500,000 | 1 | 807 | 4.0 | | **Primary Consumers** | 200,000 | 2,000 | 37 | 21.0 | | **Secondary Consumers** | 9,000 | 90 | 11 | -- | | **Tertiary Consumers** | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | -- | This table represents ecological data for creating pyramids of numbers, biomass, and productivity. The entries show the quantity or biomass of each trophic level, which consists of primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers. The data is to be used to understand how energy and biomass are distributed across different levels of an ecosystem.
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