## Benzil Reduction Using Sodium Borohydride### Starting Material, Intermediates, and Product:- **Benzil**: The starting material with two carbonyl groups.- **(R)-Benzoin** and **(S)-Benzoin**: Chiral intermediates with one hydroxyl group.- **(R,S)-Hydrobenzoin**: The product with two hydroxyl groups.### Reaction Analysis by NMR:After 10 minutes, a sample of the reaction shows the following NMR spectrum:#### NMR Spectrum Details:- **Chemical Shifts (in PPM) and Corresponding Protons:** - **Around 7-8 PPM**: A broad peak indicating 20 hydrogens, typically corresponding to aromatic protons from benzene rings. - **Around 5 PPM**: A smaller peak corresponding to 1 hydrogen, likely indicating a hydroxyl proton. - **Around 4 PPM**: A peak corresponding to 2 hydrogens, possibly protons on a carbon adjacent to a hydroxyl group. - **Around 3 PPM**: A peak corresponding to 3 hydrogens, potentially indicating protons on an alcohol group or other adjacent carbons.### Analysis Questions:- **Which two compounds are present?**- **Which protons do the peaks correspond to?**The peaks in the NMR spectrum suggest the presence of aromatic compounds and hydroxyl groups, typical of benzoin and hydrobenzoin intermediates/products.

Various syntheses are studied in organic chemistry. Some useful techniques like NMR are used to…

he starting material, intermediates, and product of the reduction of benzil using sodium prohydride are shown below. OH A A' ÕH A' Он A" ÕH Benzil (R)-Benzoin (S)-Benzoin (R,S)-Hydrob a sample of the reaction were analysed by NMR at 10 minutes, it could look like the spectr elow.

he starting material, intermediates, and product of the reduction of benzil using sodium prohydride are shown below. OH A A' ÕH A' Он A" ÕH Benzil (R)-Benzoin (S)-Benzoin (R,S)-Hydrob a sample of the reaction were analysed by NMR at 10 minutes, it could look like the spectr elow.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Concept explainers

NMR Spectroscopy

NMR stands for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in which the study of different molecules is done based on the interaction of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations with the nuclei of molecules placed in a strong magnetic field. A precise study of spectra of visible light and all bands of electromagnetic radiation is called spectroscopy.

Question

## Benzil Reduction Using Sodium Borohydride

### Starting Material, Intermediates, and Product:
- **Benzil**: The starting material with two carbonyl groups.
- **(R)-Benzoin** and **(S)-Benzoin**: Chiral intermediates with one hydroxyl group.
- **(R,S)-Hydrobenzoin**: The product with two hydroxyl groups.

### Reaction Analysis by NMR:
After 10 minutes, a sample of the reaction shows the following NMR spectrum:

#### NMR Spectrum Details:
- **Chemical Shifts (in PPM) and Corresponding Protons:**
- **Around 7-8 PPM**: A broad peak indicating 20 hydrogens, typically corresponding to aromatic protons from benzene rings.
- **Around 5 PPM**: A smaller peak corresponding to 1 hydrogen, likely indicating a hydroxyl proton.
- **Around 4 PPM**: A peak corresponding to 2 hydrogens, possibly protons on a carbon adjacent to a hydroxyl group.
- **Around 3 PPM**: A peak corresponding to 3 hydrogens, potentially indicating protons on an alcohol group or other adjacent carbons.

### Analysis Questions:
- **Which two compounds are present?**
- **Which protons do the peaks correspond to?**

The peaks in the NMR spectrum suggest the presence of aromatic compounds and hydroxyl groups, typical of benzoin and hydrobenzoin intermediates/products.

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