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he diagram to the right shows plots of vapor pressure versus temperature for a solvent and a solution. (a) Which curve represents the pure solvent and which the solution? (b) What is the approximate boiling-point elevation for the solution? (c) What is the approximate concentration of the solution in mol>kg, if 1 mol of solute particles raises th

he diagram to the right shows plots of vapor pressure versus temperature for a solvent and a solution. (a) Which curve represents the pure solvent and which the solution? (b) What is the approximate boiling-point elevation for the solution? (c) What is the approximate concentration of the solution in mol>kg, if 1 mol of solute particles raises th

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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The diagram to the right shows plots of vapor pressure versus temperature for
a solvent and a solution.
(a) Which curve represents the pure solvent and which the solution?
(b) What is the approximate boiling-point elevation for the solution?
(c) What is the approximate concentration of the solution in mol>kg, if
1 mol of solute
particles raises the boiling point of 1 kg of solvent by
3.63 °C (3.63 K)?

### Understanding the Relationship Between Vapor Pressure and Temperature #### Vapor Pressure vs. Temperature Graph This graph illustrates the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature. It provides valuable insights into how vapor pressure changes as the temperature increases. - **X-Axis (Horizontal Axis)**: Represents Temperature, measured in Kelvin (K). The temperature range shown spans from 323 K to 343 K. - **Y-Axis (Vertical Axis)**: Represents Vapor Pressure, measured in Pascals (Pa). A notable point is the vapor pressure level at 101,325 Pa. #### Graph Details - **Two Curves**: The graph features two curves, each representing different substances or conditions: - **Red Curve**: Indicates the vapor pressure trend of the first substance or condition. - **Blue Curve**: Indicates the vapor pressure trend of the second substance or condition. - **Vapor Pressure Points**: Both curves show how the vapor pressure increases with temperature. For example, as the temperature rises from 323 K to 353 K, the vapor pressure also increases steadily. - The red curve achieves the vapor pressure of 101,325 Pa at a lower temperature compared to the blue curve. - The blue curve reaches 101,325 Pa at a higher temperature, suggesting a lower volatility or higher boiling point compared to the substance represented by the red curve. - **Dotted Vertical Lines**: These lines mark specific temperatures, helping identify corresponding vapor pressures on each curve. #### Key Concepts - **Vapor Pressure**: Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature. - **Boiling Point**: The temperature at which a substance's vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure (101,325 Pa). This graph demonstrates fundamental thermodynamic principles essential for understanding processes like boiling, evaporation, and the behavior of different substances under varying thermal conditions. Understanding these trends is crucial in fields such as chemistry, physics, and engineering.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding the Relationship Between Vapor Pressure and Temperature #### Vapor Pressure vs. Temperature Graph This graph illustrates the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature. It provides valuable insights into how vapor pressure changes as the temperature increases. - **X-Axis (Horizontal Axis)**: Represents Temperature, measured in Kelvin (K). The temperature range shown spans from 323 K to 343 K. - **Y-Axis (Vertical Axis)**: Represents Vapor Pressure, measured in Pascals (Pa). A notable point is the vapor pressure level at 101,325 Pa. #### Graph Details - **Two Curves**: The graph features two curves, each representing different substances or conditions: - **Red Curve**: Indicates the vapor pressure trend of the first substance or condition. - **Blue Curve**: Indicates the vapor pressure trend of the second substance or condition. - **Vapor Pressure Points**: Both curves show how the vapor pressure increases with temperature. For example, as the temperature rises from 323 K to 353 K, the vapor pressure also increases steadily. - The red curve achieves the vapor pressure of 101,325 Pa at a lower temperature compared to the blue curve. - The blue curve reaches 101,325 Pa at a higher temperature, suggesting a lower volatility or higher boiling point compared to the substance represented by the red curve. - **Dotted Vertical Lines**: These lines mark specific temperatures, helping identify corresponding vapor pressures on each curve. #### Key Concepts - **Vapor Pressure**: Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature. - **Boiling Point**: The temperature at which a substance's vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure (101,325 Pa). This graph demonstrates fundamental thermodynamic principles essential for understanding processes like boiling, evaporation, and the behavior of different substances under varying thermal conditions. Understanding these trends is crucial in fields such as chemistry, physics, and engineering.
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