Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Reactions and Transformations
In the image above, three different chemical reactions are depicted, each involving an organic molecule with distinct reagents leading to unknown products represented by question marks.
1. **Reaction 1: Hydrogenation Reaction**
- **Reactant**: A cyclohexene derivative with two methyl groups.
- **Reagents**: Hydrogen gas (\( \text{H}_2 \)) and a platinum (\( \text{Pt} \)) catalyst.
- **Explanation**: This reaction is a hydrogenation process where the double bond in the cyclohexene ring is reduced, leading to the formation of an alkane.
2. **Reaction 2: Dihydroxylation Reaction**
- **Reactant**: A cyclohexene derivative, similar to the first reactant.
- **Reagents**: Osmium tetroxide (\( \text{OsO}_4 \)) followed by sodium bisulfite (\( \text{NaHSO}_3 \)) in water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)).
- **Explanation**: This reaction involves dihydroxylation, where the double bond is transformed into a vicinal diol (two hydroxyl groups added at adjacent carbons).
3. **Reaction 3: Hydrohalogenation Reaction**
- **Reactant**: A different cyclohexene derivative with an alkyl side chain.
- **Reagent**: Hydrobromic acid (\( \text{HBr} \)).
- **Explanation**: The hydrohalogenation reaction involves the addition of a bromine and a hydrogen across the double bond, leading to the formation of a bromoalkane.
These reactions are fundamental in organic chemistry, illustrating the conversion of alkenes into different functionalized compounds through various addition reactions.
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