H.W. 1: Calculate the threshold Gain coefficient for He:Ne laser where the loss is 0.05 m-' , cavity length is 20 cm and the reflectivity of both mirrors are 99.9 % and 95 %.

Q: 16. a) Explain why a pattern of bright and dark fringes is visible on a screen when a light is shone…

A: 46) a) When a light shone through a double slit, a pattern of bright and dark fringes is visible on…

Q: The (110) plane of a cube salt has a lattice constant of 0.3 nm for. Find the angle on this plane…

A:

Q: Explain briefly the conditions for laser operation. Compare the main features of a 3-level with a…

A: Introduction: The principle of a laser is based on three separate features: (a) stimulated emission…

Q: 12. In the limiting case of low-energy scattering, ka <1, of quantum hard-sphere scattering the…

A:

Q: 5.3. A material of simple tetragonal Bravais lattice (a = 2.4 Å‚ c = 3.6 Å) is prepared in a plate…

A: Given that,a=2.4A0 and c=3.6A0Interplaner spacing of tetragonal bravais lattice are…

Q: 'which materials (gas materials) can achieve the three laser levels and four laser levels?

A:

Q: calculate the thickness of the quantum wave plate of quartz for sodium vapour lamp light of…

A: Given: λNa = 5893*10-10 m  λHe-Ne = 6330*10-10 m μo = 1.5442 μe = 1.5533

Q: Estimate the fastest bit rate capable of being carried by light of wavelength 1-3 pr phone calls…

A: Givenλ=1.3 μm=1.3×10-6 mBand width of optical fiber=2 GHz

Q: X-ray diffraction made in aluminum metal with FCC structure in the X-ray diffraction pattern…

A: Given: The angle is 78.3°.            The plane is (311).            The wavelength is 0.15418 nm.…

Q: In a double-slit experiment, electrons with the matter wavelength=30*10-¹²m strike a double slit…

A:

Q: In modern-day simulation of the interference of light, laser is commonly usedas a light source. All…

A: Laser beam.

Q: Is it required for a laser material to have at least three energy levels? If so, why or why not?|

A: LASER- Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Q: If the gain of the effective medium in a laser is (1.05), its mirror reflectivity coefficient (0.999…

A:

Q: aracter of light emitted from a nanocrystalline ith violet light will be altered as the size is…

A: As per guidelines, allowed to answer one question at a time. The light emitted by the…

Q: ase T. 7.1.1. How many photons per second are emitted by a 10.0-mW CO2 laser that has a wavelength…

A: Determine the energy of one photon,

Q: consis a reflectivity, one o other is 100%, and

A:

Q: (i) Can you obtain the laser without metastable state? How the problem of two level laser has been…

A: Metastable state:It is excited energy level or higher energy level of an atom that have a longer…

Q: (c) Electron beams are used to investigate crystal structure. Explain how the de Broglie wavelength…

A: Important aspects that are essential for answering this question are De Broglie hypothesis says…

Q: CnupA 2. You can determine a Lorenz constant from the Sommerfeld model. Using k =CnvFA = CnuT, the…

A:

Q: Is it required for a laser material to have at least three energy levels? If so, why or why not?

A: Given: Asked whether a laser material require atleast three energy levels.

Q: The relative population of these states at 21 is

A: The difference between the energy level of the laser can be calculated with the help of given…

Q: ity of 90% and th

A: Given as, λ=633nm, l= 14 cm, P= 0.15 m.

Q: Light of wavelength 600 nm hits a 1 mm film of semiconductor. The absorption coefficient is 3000 cm¹…

A: We are given the reflection coefficient. We are also given the thickness of film. We are given…

Q: Q1.A) If an 8-bit SAR ADC is used to digitize 8V full scale signal, what will be the digital o/p for…

A: 1 a) Given: n= 8 bit Vout=Full scale out put= 8 V Vanalog ref=5.76 V

Q: According to Laue photograph, the cell parameter of an fcc crystal is 4.5 Angstroms. if the…

A:

Q: What is the wavelength (in nm) of a laser with an energy of (5.59x10^-19) J? Answer to 3 significant…

A: Given data: The energy, E=5.59×10-19 J

Q: QUESTION 46 In a cubic crystal, atom of mass M₁ lie on one set of planes and atoms of the mass M₂…

A: We have given a lattice of two different kinds of atom having mass M1 and M2. We want to calculate…

Q: 2- Show that the length ike of the reciprocal lattice vector ī and the interplanar distance dħke of…

A: Length of the reciprocal lattice vector = r*hkl = 1/ length of the 3rd 3rd vector (dhkl)   so, the…

Q: What takes the Debye-Waller factor into account? the reduction of diffracted X-ray intensity due to…

A: The Debye-Waller factor is used to describe the reduction of diffracted X-ray intensity due to the…

Q: To Find: dj electron volks equivalent of KBT ionization cii; Compare Kg T potential of Hydrogen…

A: Given,  Boltzmann constant KB = 1.38*10-23 J/K  Room temperature = 298.15 K  To find the KBT…

Q: Fabry-peret laser operates ad As li55.4 m has group refractive index = 312 threshold gain =130 cm…

A: The threshold gain Gth, photon lifetime τ and refractive index n are related as:

Q: Is it required for a laser material to have at least three energy levels? If so, why or why not?

A: LASER-Light Amplification of Stimulated Emmission of Radiation. Light is emitted out by the process…

Q: The (200) plane gives rise to a diffraction peak in simple cubic (sc), body-centred cubic (bcc) and…

A:

Q: A perfect crystal at absolute zero has its maximum energy  True or false

A: False

Q: 5. structures. The Bragg reflection angle from the (110) planes in bcc iron is 22° for x-ray beam…

A:

Q: These are energy levels in a laser (not to scale). Level 1, 2, 3, are: -13, -5, -3 eV respectively.…

A:

Q: A 3.39 W laser has efficiency 77.5%, and produces monochromatic light of wavelength 185 nm. When it…

A: The momentum (p) and the energy (E) of a single photon of the laser can be expressed in terms of its…