H.W: Following are the results of a refraction survey (horizontal layering of soil) showing the distance x and time of first arrival t, determine the P-wave velocities of the soil layers and their thicknesses. Distance from the source of disturbance (m) 2.5 5 7.5 15 25 35 45 55 60 Time of First arrival (sec x 10) 5.5 11.1 16.1 24 30.8 38.2 46.1 51.3 52.8

Q: A pre-engineering baseline was run down a very steep hill (see Rather than measure horizontally…

A: Vertical angle = -21o26' Height of range pole from the ground, h = 4.88 ft Slope distance between…

Q: Problem 2. The following observations were taken during a tacheometric survey using the stadia lines…

A: Given- The observation obtained from tacheometric survey using stadia lines of a theodolite.…

Q: The readings given below were made with a tacheometric theodolite having a multiplying constant of…

A: Given data:- Multiplying constant, K=100 Additive constant, C=0 Reduced level at station A = 100.0 m…

Q: The readings given below were made with a tacheometric theodolite having a multiplying constant of…

A:

Q: 13. The following table gives two-way travel-times of seismic waves reflected from different…

A:

Q: conjugate depth and the concept of minimum specific energy

A: The flow change from supercritical to subcritical is known as hydraulic jump. The depth of upstream…

Q: The vertical angle is -21° 26’ turned to a point on a plumbed range pole that is 4.88 ft above the…

A: Vertical angle = -21o26' Height of range pole from the ground, h = 4.88 ft Slope distance between…

Q: (b). Following are the results of a seismic refraction survey done on a relatively flat area shown…

A: Solution Based on the data given plot the graph with distance x, on the x axis and time on the…

Control Survey and Geodetic reductions

Control surveys or survey controls are used to establish reference points as a basis for various construction activities. Vertical and horizontal control points are to be established in a control survey to increase accuracy. After establishing the control points, all other types of surveys such as topographic, right-of-way, aerial mapping, construction layout, boundary surveys, and utility mapping can be worked upon so that control networks can be formed. The place from which the observations are made is called a survey station.