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H H

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Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Whats the name of this structure?

**Understanding Cyclohexane Chair Conformation** This diagram represents a three-dimensional molecular model of cyclohexane in its chair conformation. Cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂) is a cycloalkane with a molecular structure consisting of six carbon atoms connected in a ring, with each carbon atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. **Key Features of the Cyclohexane Chair Conformation:** 1. **Carbon Atoms (depicted in gray):** The six carbon (C) atoms form a ring that is not flat but adopts a non-planar, three-dimensional shape known as the chair conformation to minimize strain and maximize stability. 2. **Hydrogen Atoms (depicted in white):** Each carbon atom in the cyclohexane ring is bonded to two hydrogen (H) atoms, making a total of twelve hydrogen atoms in the molecule. 3. **Bond Angles and Lengths:** The bond lengths and angles are arranged to reduce torsional strain and steric hindrance, resulting in a more stable structure. The typical C-C bond angle in the chair conformation is approximately 109.5 degrees, which is almost ideal for sp³ hybridized carbons. 4. **Axial and Equatorial Positions:** - **Axial Positions:** Hydrogens sticking up and down, perpendicular to the ring. - **Equatorial Positions:** Hydrogens sticking out, almost in the plane of the ring, providing steric relief. **Important Points on Chair Conformation:** - **Minimized Energy State:** The chair conformation is the most stable and energetically favorable form of cyclohexane due to the staggered conformation of its hydrogen atoms. - **Dynamic Equilibrium:** Cyclohexane can interconvert between two chair conformations via a process called ring flipping, which swaps axial and equatorial positions of the hydrogens. This molecular model diagram helps visualize the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms in cyclohexane, providing a clearer understanding of its structural configuration and stability. This representation aids in comprehending how the spatial arrangement of atoms in cyclohexane reduces strain and maximizes the molecule's stability.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Cyclohexane Chair Conformation** This diagram represents a three-dimensional molecular model of cyclohexane in its chair conformation. Cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂) is a cycloalkane with a molecular structure consisting of six carbon atoms connected in a ring, with each carbon atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. **Key Features of the Cyclohexane Chair Conformation:** 1. **Carbon Atoms (depicted in gray):** The six carbon (C) atoms form a ring that is not flat but adopts a non-planar, three-dimensional shape known as the chair conformation to minimize strain and maximize stability. 2. **Hydrogen Atoms (depicted in white):** Each carbon atom in the cyclohexane ring is bonded to two hydrogen (H) atoms, making a total of twelve hydrogen atoms in the molecule. 3. **Bond Angles and Lengths:** The bond lengths and angles are arranged to reduce torsional strain and steric hindrance, resulting in a more stable structure. The typical C-C bond angle in the chair conformation is approximately 109.5 degrees, which is almost ideal for sp³ hybridized carbons. 4. **Axial and Equatorial Positions:** - **Axial Positions:** Hydrogens sticking up and down, perpendicular to the ring. - **Equatorial Positions:** Hydrogens sticking out, almost in the plane of the ring, providing steric relief. **Important Points on Chair Conformation:** - **Minimized Energy State:** The chair conformation is the most stable and energetically favorable form of cyclohexane due to the staggered conformation of its hydrogen atoms. - **Dynamic Equilibrium:** Cyclohexane can interconvert between two chair conformations via a process called ring flipping, which swaps axial and equatorial positions of the hydrogens. This molecular model diagram helps visualize the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms in cyclohexane, providing a clearer understanding of its structural configuration and stability. This representation aids in comprehending how the spatial arrangement of atoms in cyclohexane reduces strain and maximizes the molecule's stability.
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