H CI Question 20.b of 24 Describe the structure, bonding, and properties of the organic functional group provided in the questions below. Identify the type of bonding in the circled atom in this structure. A) four sigma bonds B) three sigma bonds, one pi bond and no nonbonding electrons C) two sigma bonds, two pi bonds and no nonbonding electrons D) two pi bonds and four nonbonding electrons E) one sigma bond and six nonbonding electrons Submit +
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
The field of chemistry which deals with the studies of reactions, structures, and properties of organic compounds that comprise carbon bonded through covalent bonding is organic chemistry. The studies regarding the structure of organic compounds could be determined with the help of structural formulas. In order to know about the behavior of organic compounds, a study on the properties has to be done. Both physical properties and chemical properties, the origin of chemical reactivity come under the study regarding the properties of organic compounds. The chemical preparation of polymers, drugs, natural products, and the study of separate organic molecules in the lab come under the study of organic reactions.
Vinyl Group
Vinyl group is the name given to the functional group of -CH=CH2. It can be seen as an ethene molecule with one less hydrogen in number. Hence it is also called as ethenyl group at times.
Straight Chain Hydrocarbons
The requirement to identify each compound needs a richer number of words than informative prefixes like n and iso. The identification of organic molecules is made easier by the use of systematic nomenclature schemes. The organic chemistry nomenclature has two types: traditional and systematic. Common names arise in many forms, but share the characteristic that a link through name and form is unnecessary. The name that matches a certain structure clearly must be remembered as knowing a person's name. In contrast, systemic names, including an overall common set of laws, are locked specifically to the chemical structure.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Following are few examples of alkenes with their general molecular as well as their structural formulas:
Conjugated Compounds in Organic Chemistry
The delocalization of electrons in a molecule is called conjugation in organic chemistry. This delocalisation process of electrons leads to the shortenings or elongations of chemical bonds, but at the same time it causes changes in the chemical properties in conjugated molecules as compared to the non-conjugated ones. For example, conjugated molecules absorb light at longer wavelengths.
Alpha Carbon And Alpha Protons
The carbon directly attached to the functional group in an organic molecule is referred to as the alpha carbon and the hydrogen attached to an alpha carbon are termed as the alpha hydrogens or alpha protons. These alpha carbon atoms and alpha hydrogen atoms are of importance because they undergo certain characteristic reactions in organic chemistry.
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**Educational Website Content: Organic Chemistry**
### Topic: Understanding the Structure, Bonding, and Properties of Organic Functional Groups
#### Question 20.b of 24
**Objective:** Describe the structure, bonding, and properties of the organic functional group provided in this question.
**Task:** Identify the type of bonding in the circled atom in the provided structure.
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**Question:** Identify the type of bonding in the circled atom in this structure.
An illustration is provided featuring a chemical structure with a carbon backbone. A chlorine atom (Cl) is circled, indicating focus on the bonds associated with this chlorine atom. The chlorine atom is connected to a carbon atom, which in turn is bonded to other atoms or groups.
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**Answer Choices:**
A. Four sigma bonds
B. Three sigma bonds, one pi bond and no nonbonding electrons
C. Two sigma bonds, two pi bonds and no nonbonding electrons
D. Two pi bonds and four nonbonding electrons
E. One sigma bond and six nonbonding electrons
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Please select the correct answer from the above options and proceed with your solution.
**Note:** Understanding electron configurations and bonding types (sigma and pi bonds, and nonbonding electrons) will aid in identifying the correct bonding type for the chlorine atom in this structure.
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**Detailed Explanation:**
To answer this question, recall the following:
- **Sigma (σ) Bonds:** These are single covalent bonds formed from head-on overlapping of atomic orbitals.
- **Pi (π) Bonds:** These are additional bonds in double and triple bonds, formed from the side-to-side overlapping of p orbitals.
- **Nonbonding Electrons (Lone Pairs):** Electrons that are not involved in bonding but reside on an atom.
Use this foundational knowledge to determine how chlorine bonds in this structure, considering it typically forms one sigma bond with its connected carbon and has three pairs of nonbonding electrons.
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By solving this question, you will enhance your understanding of bonding structures in organic compounds and the behavior of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
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For further reading and detailed examples, refer to our modules on **Covalent Bonding** and **Molecular Geometry**.
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![**Educational Content on Hybridization in Organic Chemistry**
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**Question 20.c of 24**
**Prompt:**
Describe the structure, bonding, and properties of the organic functional group provided in the questions below.
Identify the correct hybridization of the circled chlorine atom in this structure.
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**Explanation of the Image:**
The image depicts a molecular structure where a chlorine atom (Cl) is bonded to a carbon atom. This chlorine atom, denoted by the symbol "Cl" and circled for emphasis, is part of a long hydrocarbon chain. Additionally, a hydrogen atom (H) is bonded to the same carbon atom. The carbon atoms are represented by the vertices and end of the zigzag line, which is a common representation in organic chemistry to simplify the depiction of carbon chains.
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**Multiple Choice Options for Hybridization:**
A) sp
B) sp²
C) sp³
D) sp⁴
E) sp³d²
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**Details of Hybridization:**
In organic chemistry, hybridization describes the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds. The type of hybridization depends on the number of regions of electron density around an atom (i.e., single bonds, double bonds, lone pairs, etc.).
Given that chlorine typically forms one single bond and it has three lone pairs of electrons, the hybridization also includes these lone pairs. Therefore, the chlorine atom in the provided structure is likely to be sp³ hybridized.
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**Correct Answer:**
C) sp³
This hybridization is consistent with the bonding and lone pair arrangement of chlorine when it is bonded to a single carbon atom in an organic molecule.
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**Conclusion:**
Understanding hybridization is crucial for determining the geometry and reactivity of molecules. By identifying the hybridization state of atoms within molecules, chemists can predict molecular shapes, bond angles, and chemical behaviors, thereby gaining insights into the compound's properties and potential applications.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5707f817-26ef-49f8-a626-ee896014d672%2F27a83f67-02fa-48ee-8062-5ce76b900a41%2Fgqher4_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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