Group 1 (strategy instruction) Group 2 (general discussion) n1 =14, M1 = 2.83, s1 = 41 n2 =14, M2 = 2.26, s2 =.39 %3D %3D 2. A sports psychologist wants to compare the running time for athletes vs non- athletes while running 1 mile. He collects data from 226 non-athletes and 166 athletes and analyzes it using SPSS. Group Statistics Std. Error Are you an athlete? Mean Std. Deviation Mean Mile time Non-athlete 226 0:09:06 002:01.668 0.00 08.093 Athlete 166 0:06:51 0:00 49.464 0:00:03.839 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference F Sig df Lower Upper Equal variances assumed Mile time 102.98 .000 13.475 390 000 002 14 0:00 10 0:01:55 0:02:34 Equal variances not assumed 15.047 315.846 000 002 14 0:00 08 0:01:57 0:02:32 a. What test was performed? b. Is the homogeneity of variance assumption met? c. Report results in APA style d. Are the results significant? e. What do the results mean? (i.e. last part of interpretation)
Group 1 (strategy instruction) Group 2 (general discussion) n1 =14, M1 = 2.83, s1 = 41 n2 =14, M2 = 2.26, s2 =.39 %3D %3D 2. A sports psychologist wants to compare the running time for athletes vs non- athletes while running 1 mile. He collects data from 226 non-athletes and 166 athletes and analyzes it using SPSS. Group Statistics Std. Error Are you an athlete? Mean Std. Deviation Mean Mile time Non-athlete 226 0:09:06 002:01.668 0.00 08.093 Athlete 166 0:06:51 0:00 49.464 0:00:03.839 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference F Sig df Lower Upper Equal variances assumed Mile time 102.98 .000 13.475 390 000 002 14 0:00 10 0:01:55 0:02:34 Equal variances not assumed 15.047 315.846 000 002 14 0:00 08 0:01:57 0:02:32 a. What test was performed? b. Is the homogeneity of variance assumption met? c. Report results in APA style d. Are the results significant? e. What do the results mean? (i.e. last part of interpretation)
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
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Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
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Transcribed Image Text:**Running Time Analysis of Athletes vs Non-Athletes**
A sports psychologist aimed to compare the running times of athletes and non-athletes for a 1-mile run. Data was collected from 226 non-athletes and 166 athletes and analyzed using SPSS.
### Group Statistics
| Are you an athlete? | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean |
|---------------------|-----|-------|----------------|------------------|
| Non-athlete | 226 | 9:06 | 0:02:01.668 | 0:00:08.093 |
| Athlete | 166 | 6:51 | 0:00:49.464 | 0:00:03.839 |
### Independent Samples Test
**Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances (Column A)**
- **F**: 102.98
- **Sig.**: .000
**t-test for Equality of Means (Column B)**
- **t**: 13.475 (equal variances assumed), 15.047 (equal variances not assumed)
- **df**: 390 (equal variances assumed), 315.846 (equal variances not assumed)
- **Sig. (2-tailed)**: .000
**Mean Difference**
- 0:02:14
**95% Confidence Interval of the Difference (Column C)**
- **Lower**: 0:01:55
- **Upper**: 0:02:34
### Questions
a. **What test was performed?**
An independent samples t-test was conducted to compare the means of the two groups.
b. **Is the homogeneity of variance assumption met?**
No, the Sig. value for Levene’s Test is .000, indicating that the homogeneity of variance assumption is violated.
c. **Report results in APA style.**
t(390) = 13.475, p < .001 (equal variances assumed);
t(315.846) = 15.047, p < .001 (equal variances not assumed)
d. **Are the results significant?**
Yes, the p-value is less than .001, indicating statistically significant results.
e. **What do the results mean?**
The results indicate that athletes have a significantly faster mean running time
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