Glycolysis Pentose phosphate pathway Glucose-6-phosphate Lipopolysaccharide (polysaccharide) Fructose-6-phosphate Ribose-5-phosphate Nucleotides Peptidoglycan Dihydroxyacetonev phosphate amino acids Erythrose-5-phosphate (histidine) Amino acids Lipids (phenylalanine, (glycerol tryptophan, tyrosine) component) 3-phosphoglycerate Amino acids (cysteine, glycine, serine) Phosphoenolpyruvate Amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine) Руruvate Pyruvate Amino acids (alanine, leucine, valine) Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA Lipids (fatty acids) Oxaloacetate FIGURE 6.28 The Use of Precursor Amino acids Metabolites in Biosynthesis The size of the x2 a-Ketoglutarate arrows indicates the relative quantity of each precursor metabolite needed to produce a given weight of E. coli cells. (aspartate, asparagine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, threonine) Amino acids (arginine, glutamate, glutamine, proline) TCА сycle

Q: Why is it advantageous for the E.coli to stop production of lactose digesting enzymes when lactose…

A: An operon contains a group of genes that are regulated by a single promoter. These genes are…

Q: E.coli cell?

A: E.coli(Escherchia coli),is a gram-negative,facultative anaerobic,rod shaped,coliform bacterium of…

Q: Why is it essential that all eukaryotic cells perform this metabolic pathway?

A: Answer :- Cellular metabolism includes complex arrangements of controlled biochemical responses,…

Q: What is the most significant difference between glycan synthesis and other biopolymer syntheses,…

A: DNA contains the genetic information that is used to make all the proteins of the body. The DNA is…

Q: Can the bacteria Alicaligenes Faecalis ferment lactose?

A: Can the bacteria Alicaligenes faecalis ferment lactose.

Q: Why lactose cannot be used to replace IPTG?

A: Why lactose can not be used to replace IPTG? IPTG:- isopropyl thiogalactopyranoside usually mimic…

Q: Besides the final product, what other important difference is there between the fermentation…

A: Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy is extracted from glucose without the need of…

Q: What pathway is responsible for the synthesis of glucose from simple precursors?

A: Glucose is produced from the substrates such as glycerol and glucogenic amino acids(like alanine,…

Q: Which enzymes may catalyze the transfer of an a-amino group from an α-amino acid to an α-ketoacid?…

A: Given: To find which enzymes catalyze the transfer of an a-amino group from an α-amino acid to an…

Q: Why fructose must not be used frequenly by the humans?

A: Fruit sugar, often known as fructose, is a ketonic simple sugar present in many plants, where it is…

Q: How is synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate achieved?

A: Fru-2,6-P2, or fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, is a metabolite that regulates glycolysis and…

Q: What distinguishes a coenzyme from an ordinary substrate?

A: In a Catalysis process, the rate of the reaction is changed with the help of a substance called a…

Q: List two examples of ribozymes and the reactions they catalyze

A: Enzymes can be defined as the proteins that act as the biological catalysts (biocatalysts).…

Q: Many people suffer from lactose intolerance. Outline how food products containing milk may be made…

A: Lactose intolerance is a type of digestive disorder that occurs when the body is unable to digest…

Q: What is an exoenzyme and why are these types oforganisms important in the degradation of cellulose?

A: Enzymes are the proteinaceus substances which are capable of catalysing chemical reactions of…

Q: How would you handle a baby with argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency? Which chemicals are…

A: Arginosuccinate synthase, also known as synthetase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of…

Q: Carbohydrates illustrated in this image are being used for what purpose by the cell?

A: Used for cell to cell recognition mechanism.

Q: What are the possible physiological functions of lactic acid bacteria in the human diet?

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: Although rabbits cannot digest the cellulose in their all-plant diet, bacteria that live in their…

A: The feces produced by the rabbit is called cecotropes. They are also known as caecal pellet and are…

Q: a.) Explain how negative feedback is used to regulate a metabolic pathway.    b.) Explain how…

A: Feedback loops are organic mechanisms whereby homeostasis is kept up with. This happens when the…

Q: What group is removed from an amino acid before it can enter the Krebs cycle, and what is this…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks for the protein synthesis that have a chiral carbon which is…

Q: You inoculate two test tubes with the same amount of identical growth medium and with the same…

A: Glycolysis is an oxidative process, in which glucose is partially oxidized into pyruvate in a…

Q: What does passive and active transport have to do with lactose

A: Lactose is a disaccharide made up of glucose and galactose found in milk and dairy products. Lactose…

Q: Why is the Krebs cycle also called the final common pathway of the degradation of organic compounds?

A: Cellular respiration is the process by which the cells take the nutrients in the food and transform…

Q: Why is the production of lactic acid termed a “fermentation” pathway?

A: Lactic acid, or lactate, is a compound result of anaerobic breath — the interaction by which cells…

Q: What best describes the relationship between essential amino acids in humans and the number of steps…

A: The body is unable to synthesise essential amino acids. As a result, they must mostly be obtained…

Q: What is the important function of the pentose phosphate pathway for microbial cells?

A: Introduction  The pentose phosphate pathway is a metabolic process that proceeds in the reverse way…

Q: What is the significance of the conformational change that occurs to the hexose in lysozyme? (No…

A: Lysozyme It is an enzyme which is found in tears, saliva, and milk. This enzyme has antibacterial…

Q: In the: Presence of competitive inhibitors of peptidyl transferase. Explain: (a) What is the process…

A: The peptidyl transferase is an aminoacyltransferase and the ribosome's principal enzymatic function,…

Q: Describe the cytosolic sucrose synthesis pathway.

A: There are different types of carbohydrates based on the type of functional group present, the number…

Q: Why is the formation of fructose-1,6- bisphosphate a step in which control is likely to be exercised…

A: The regulation of glycolysis occurs at three points which are catalyzed by enzymes such as…

Q: Does PFK-2 (Phosphofructokinase-2) have coenzymes and Allosteric reguation?

A: Enzymes are proteins that play a major role as biochemical catalysts in speeding up a biochemical…

Q: Whenever a person consumes dairy products, they utilize lactase enzymes to break down the…

A: The process of synthesis of proteins(lactase enzyme) from DNA is by two process transcription and…

Q: How Lactose Metabolism in E. coli Is Regulated ?

A: Escherichia coli can be referred to as bacterium comprising a set of genes that can play an…

Q: Why is coenzyme A such a good example of activation?

A: Coenzyme A is a coenzyme which has the role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids and the…

Q: What is a lactose fermenting E.coli ( LFEC) ?

A: E.coli is a gram negative rod shaped bacterium. It undergoes lactose fermentation to produce lactic…

Q: Immature rats are fed all the essential aminoacids but one. Six hours later they are fed the missing…

A: A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or…

Q: Why is lactose not fermented by yeast?

A: Lactose is a sugar that is found predominantly in milk. It makes up approximately 2-8% of milk by…

Nutrient Growth Medium

It is a culture medium or nutrient broth for all kinds of microorganisms to grow properly and create their colony. This matrix provides support to increase the population of microbes through the method of cell proliferation. It is regarded as the food material for those organisms. It is a type of in vitro mechanism, in which the development of life is processed outside the host body. It can be solid, semi-solid, or liquid in nature. Different kinds of cells develop in different types of media.