### RTL Code for Signed-Magnitude Addition/Subtraction AlgorithmThe RTL (Register Transfer Level) code for the signed-magnitude addition/subtraction algorithm is as follows:- **PM' S1:** - Operation: \( CU \leftarrow X + Y \) - Update: \( Us \leftarrow Xs \)- **PM S1:** - Operation: \( CU \leftarrow X + Y' + 1 \) - Update: Overflow \( \leftarrow 0 \)- **PM' S2:** - Update: Overflow \( \leftarrow C \)- **C Z'PM S2:** - Update: \( Us \leftarrow Xs \)- **C Z PM S2:** - Operation: \( Us \leftarrow 0 \)- **C' PM S2:** - Operation: \( Us \leftarrow Xs' \) - Update: \( U \leftarrow U' + 1 \)- **S2:** - Operation: Finish \( \leftarrow 1 \)### Tracing OperationsTrace the following operations utilizing the RTL implementation:- **Operation (h):** - Inputs: \( Xs X = 01001, \ YsY = 11001 \) - Operation: \( UsU = Xs X + YsY \)- **Operation (i):** - Inputs: \( Xs X = 11001, \ YsY = 11010 \) - Operation: \( UsU = Xs X - YsY \)This RTL code describes the step-by-step instructions for performing arithmetic operations using the signed-magnitude representation, including handling overflows and sign updates.

Answer: I have given answer in the handwritten format.

Given the RTL code for the signed-magnitude addition/subtraction algorithm: CU-X+Y, UsXs CU-X+Y'+1, Overflow-0 Overflow-C Us Xs Us 0 Us Xs', U-U'+1 Finishe-1 PM' S1: PM S1: PM' S2: C Z'PM S2: CZ PM S2: C' PM S2: S2: Show the trace for the following operations: h. Xs X-01001, YsY-11001, UsU= XsX+ YsY i. Xs X-11001, YsY=11010, UsU= Xs X- YsY

Given the RTL code for the signed-magnitude addition/subtraction algorithm: CU-X+Y, UsXs CU-X+Y'+1, Overflow-0 Overflow-C Us Xs Us 0 Us Xs', U-U'+1 Finishe-1 PM' S1: PM S1: PM' S2: C Z'PM S2: CZ PM S2: C' PM S2: S2: Show the trace for the following operations: h. Xs X-01001, YsY-11001, UsU= XsX+ YsY i. Xs X-11001, YsY=11010, UsU= Xs X- YsY

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)

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Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...

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Question

### RTL Code for Signed-Magnitude Addition/Subtraction Algorithm

The RTL (Register Transfer Level) code for the signed-magnitude addition/subtraction algorithm is as follows:

- **PM' S1:**
- Operation: \( CU \leftarrow X + Y \)
- Update: \( Us \leftarrow Xs \)

- **PM S1:**
- Operation: \( CU \leftarrow X + Y' + 1 \)
- Update: Overflow \( \leftarrow 0 \)

- **PM' S2:**
- Update: Overflow \( \leftarrow C \)

- **C Z'PM S2:**
- Update: \( Us \leftarrow Xs \)

- **C Z PM S2:**
- Operation: \( Us \leftarrow 0 \)

- **C' PM S2:**
- Operation: \( Us \leftarrow Xs' \)
- Update: \( U \leftarrow U' + 1 \)

- **S2:**
- Operation: Finish \( \leftarrow 1 \)

### Tracing Operations

Trace the following operations utilizing the RTL implementation:

- **Operation (h):**
- Inputs: \( Xs X = 01001, \ YsY = 11001 \)
- Operation: \( UsU = Xs X + YsY \)

- **Operation (i):**
- Inputs: \( Xs X = 11001, \ YsY = 11010 \)
- Operation: \( UsU = Xs X - YsY \)

This RTL code describes the step-by-step instructions for performing arithmetic operations using the signed-magnitude representation, including handling overflows and sign updates.

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