6:22kud21.kutztown.edu1 of 4Observations will be made and chemical formulas will be predicted for the ions present insolution. Three separate systems will be studied: Acid-Base Indicator, Complex lon, andGas Phase Equilibria.TheoryBefore focusing on specific examples, first consider the general reaction:A(aq) B(aq) + C(aq)(1)where A, B, and C are molecules or ions in solution. If these species are in equilibrium, theirconcentrations are related by an equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction at a giventemperature. The mass action expression for the general reaction above is as follows:[B][C][Alq=K₂.5G− +-(2)and can be used to calculate Kc from the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants andproducts. The subscript eq refers to the concentration of a reactant or product atequilibrium. Equilibrium, not initial, concentrations are used to compute Ke. If a changeoccurs i one of the reactant or product concentration, then changes in equilibriumconcentrations of all the components will occur. For example, what if the concentration ofA decreases? Remember, K, is a constant (at a specific temperature)!MaterialsIf [A] has decreased, the reaction equilibrium must shift to the left to replenish the missingA so that the ratio of products to reactants remains the same as it was before thedisturbance.A(aq) B(aq) + C(aq)If then rxn shifts ←6.0 M HCIConsider another situation where the concentration of A is increased. The ratio of productsto reactants, as calculated in Eq. 2, would change to keep K, constant. In order to determinethe directionality of the shift that would need to occur, we need to determine whatequilibrium concentrations would cause Kc to attain the value it had before the disturbance.(i.e. Does the concentration of reactants or products need to increase to account for thechange in concentration?)This analysis of how the equilibrium shifts as the system is disturbed can be summarized byLe Chatelier's Principle, which states:When a system that is in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to a disturbance that upsets theequilibrium, the system undergoes a change that counteracts the disturbance and, ifpossible, restores equilibrium.¹In addition to changes in concentration, a system in equilibrium can also be disturbed bychanges in pressure or volume (gas systems) with no change to the equilibrium constant.Temperature changes can also disturb the equilibrium of a system (exothermic vs.endothermic) but unlike with the other disturbances, the value of Kc changes withtemperature. The following experiments will look more closely at specific disturbances ofsystems in equilibrium.12.01CH2cobalt(II) chloride 3 at 6:19 PMGiven the generic reaction,Name:Systems in Chemical Equilibrium IA(aq) + B(aq) (> C(aq)1. Write the mass action expression for Kc, the equilibrium constant.

We are given a generic equation and we need to write the mass action expression for Kc of the given…

Answered: Given the generic reaction, A(aq) +…

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Given the generic reaction, A(aq) + B(aq) C(aq) ← 1. Write the mass action expression for Kc, the equilibrium constant

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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