## Assembly Language Program Analysis### Given the following program, answer the following questions:```assembly.datavar1 byte 9.code1. mov bl,0FCh ; bl holds unsigned number2. add bl,43. mov eax,24. dec eax5. add al, [var1]```### Questions#### a. What is the *instruction execution cycle* for the instructions `dec eax` at line 4?The instruction execution cycle for `dec eax` involves fetching the instruction from memory, decoding it to understand it involves decrementing the value in the `eax` register, executing the instruction by subtracting one from the current value in `eax`, and writing back the result to the `eax` register.#### b. Does the `dec` instruction in line 4 have an empty clock cycle, why?An empty clock cycle for an instruction like `dec eax` typically refers to a cycle where no substantial operation happens, usually due to pipeline stalls or resource conflicts. Whether `dec eax` has an empty clock cycle depends on the specific microarchitecture of the CPU in use. However, in most microarchitectures, `dec` instructions are efficiently executed and do not generally cause an empty clock cycle as they involve a straightforward arithmetic operation.#### c. Will executing the instruction in line number 2 affect any of the flags? What flag(s) and why?Yes, executing `add bl, 4` at line number 2 can affect several flags in the flag register:- **Zero Flag (ZF):** This flag will be set if the result of the addition is zero.- **Sign Flag (SF):** This flag will be set if the most significant bit (MSB) of the result is set, indicating a negative number in signed arithmetic.- **Overflow Flag (OF):** This flag will be set if the addition causes a signed overflow.- **Carry Flag (CF):** Though unlikely for a small addition, if the sum exceeds the capacity of the register size, the carry flag is set.- **Parity Flag (PF):** This flag will be set if the number of set bits in the least significant byte of the result is even.Each of these flags may be affected depending on the specific values involved and the result of the addition operation.

Answered: Given the following program, answer the…

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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In the realm of computer architecture and assembly programming, understanding the intricacies of instruction execution cycles and the impact on flags is crucial. In this presentation, delve into a specific assembly program, dissecting its instructions, examining clock cycles, and scrutinizing flag behavior. Through this analysis, aim to shed light on the underlying mechanics of assembly programming and how it influences the execution of instructions. The program contains a mix of instructions, including arithmetic operations and flag modifications, offering valuable insights into the inner workings of a CPU.

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