Given a mobile station (MS) in a vehicle travelling at a 50 m/s. (a) Calculate the coherence time (Tc) of the fading channel with a frequency carrier of 945 MHz (Hint: Use the popular rule of thumb). (b) Determine whether the Interim Standard-95 (IS-95) will experience slow fading or fast fading if a frame duration is 25 ms. (c) Find the number of fades (number of times the channel will vary) within a frame

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Antenna Characteristics

The antenna is an important concept in the domain of electronics and communication engineering. An antenna forms an integral part of many commonly used devices such as wireless modems, routers, game controllers, mobile phones, bluetooth devices, and so on. In simple terms, any wireless communication makes use of antennas to serve the purpose. An antenna, also known by the term 'arial', is an electrical device that converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. An antenna contains a transmission line usually made up of co-axial cable, it then receives the signals and converts them into electromagnetic waves, which are then transmitted via space into their required destination. A communication system essentially makes use of two antennas, a transmission antenna, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves, and a receiving antenna, which receives the electromagnetic waves and converts them back into electrical signals.