Given • 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low- flow shower head. • 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet. Energy needed to treat water Average energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons. Thermal Energy in Coal The thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh. Energy output/fire power plant A typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year. CO2 Emission Taking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal burned. Find 4. How many African children (1 liter/kid/day) we can support?
Given
• 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low-
flow shower head.
• 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet.
Energy needed to treat water
Average energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California
studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons.
Thermal Energy in Coal
The thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh.
Energy output/fire power plant
A typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year.
CO2 Emission
Taking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during
burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal
burned.
Find
4. How many African children (1 liter/kid/day) we can
support?
![TABLE 4.8 Usage Characteristics of Water-Using Fixtures
End-Use
Toilets
Showers
Faucets
Dishwashers
Clothes washers
Leaks
Conventional Fixtures Water-Efficient Fixtures
3.5 gal/flush
5.0 gal/min
4.0 gal/min
14.0 gal/load
55.0 gal/load
10% of total use
1.6 gal/flush
2.5 gal/min
2.0 gal/min
8.5 gal/load
42.0 gal/load
2% of total use
Usage Pattern
4 flushes/pers/day
5 min./shower
2.5 min/pers/day
0.17 loads/pers/day
0.3 loads/pers/day
N/A
% Hot Water
0%
60%
50%
100%
25%
50%](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F29b7a53a-e143-4716-b6f1-702131971eda%2Fd8161afd-5363-4b8d-b4c3-de61423e380f%2Fxkpk2l_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![Wasting water wastes electricity. Why? Because the biggest use of
electricity in most cities is supplying water and cleaning it up after
it's been used!
About 75 percent of the water we use in our homes is used in the
bathroom. Unless you have a low flush toilet (6 liters), for
example, you use about 15 liters of water with every flush!
• A leaky toilet can waste more than 37,000 liters of water a year.
Drippy faucets are bad, too. A faucet that leaks enough water to
fill a soda bottle every 30 minutes will waste 8,000 liters of water
a year.
• An average tub bath requires 180 liters of water. The average
shower of four minutes with an old shower head uses 75 liters of
water. With a low-flow shower head, only 37.5 liters of water is
used.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F29b7a53a-e143-4716-b6f1-702131971eda%2Fd8161afd-5363-4b8d-b4c3-de61423e380f%2Fbot276_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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