Given• 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low-flow shower head.• 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet.Energy needed to treat waterAverage energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons.Thermal Energy in CoalThe thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh.Energy output/fire power plantA typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year.CO2 EmissionTaking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal burned.Find3. How much CO2 we can reduce? Wasting water wastes electricity. Why? Because the biggest use ofelectricity in most cities is supplying water and cleaning it up afterit's been used!About 75 percent of the water we use in our homes is used in thebathroom. Unless you have a low flush toilet (6 liters), forexample, you use about 15 liters of water with every flush!• A leaky toilet can waste more than 37,000 liters of water a year.Drippy faucets are bad, too. A faucet that leaks enough water tofill a soda bottle every 30 minutes will waste 8,000 liters of watera year.• An average tub bath requires 180 liters of water. The averageshower of four minutes with an old shower head uses 75 liters ofwater. With a low-flow shower head, only 37.5 liters of water isused. TABLE 4.8 Usage Characteristics of Water-Using FixturesEnd-UseToiletsShowersFaucetsDishwashersClothes washersLeaksConventional Fixtures Water-Efficient Fixtures3.5 gal/flush5.0 gal/min4.0 gal/min14.0 gal/load55.0 gal/load10% of total use1.6 gal/flush2.5 gal/min2.0 gal/min8.5 gal/load42.0 gal/load2% of total useUsage Pattern4 flushes/pers/day5 min./shower2.5 min/pers/day0.17 loads/pers/day0.3 loads/pers/dayN/A% Hot Water0%60%50%100%25%50%

Rate of CO2 production= 1.83 kg/kg of coal To find: 3. How much CO2 we can reduce?

Answered: Given • 1 million people in Hong Kong…

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Question

Given

• 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low-
flow shower head.
• 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet.

Energy needed to treat water
Average energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California
studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons.
Thermal Energy in Coal
The thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh.
Energy output/fire power plant
A typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year.
CO2 Emission
Taking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during
burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal
burned.

Find

3. How much CO2 we can reduce?

Wasting water wastes electricity. Why? Because the biggest use of
electricity in most cities is supplying water and cleaning it up after
it's been used!
About 75 percent of the water we use in our homes is used in the
bathroom. Unless you have a low flush toilet (6 liters), for
example, you use about 15 liters of water with every flush!
• A leaky toilet can waste more than 37,000 liters of water a year.
Drippy faucets are bad, too. A faucet that leaks enough water to
fill a soda bottle every 30 minutes will waste 8,000 liters of water
a year.
• An average tub bath requires 180 liters of water. The average
shower of four minutes with an old shower head uses 75 liters of
water. With a low-flow shower head, only 37.5 liters of water is
used.

TABLE 4.8 Usage Characteristics of Water-Using Fixtures
End-Use
Toilets
Showers
Faucets
Dishwashers
Clothes washers
Leaks
Conventional Fixtures Water-Efficient Fixtures
3.5 gal/flush
5.0 gal/min
4.0 gal/min
14.0 gal/load
55.0 gal/load
10% of total use
1.6 gal/flush
2.5 gal/min
2.0 gal/min
8.5 gal/load
42.0 gal/load
2% of total use
Usage Pattern
4 flushes/pers/day
5 min./shower
2.5 min/pers/day
0.17 loads/pers/day
0.3 loads/pers/day
N/A
% Hot Water
0%
60%
50%
100%
25%
50%

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