Give two Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions that could be used to prepare 4-methoxybenzophenone. One of the reactions will occur faster or under milder conditions. OCH3 A. Draw the precursors that would occur faster. B. Draw the precursors that would occur slower. Select Draw Rings More Erase Select Draw Rings More Erase H CI H. CI
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
The molecular structure consists of:
- A benzene ring attached to a carbonyl group (C=O).
- The carbonyl group attached to another benzene ring.
- A methoxy group (-OCH₃) attached to the para position relative to the carbonyl group on the second benzene ring.
#### Part A: Draw the Precursors That Would Occur Faster
Students are prompted to draw the chemical precursors for a Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction that would proceed faster or under milder conditions. The reactants typically include an acyl chloride or an acid anhydride and an aromatic compound.
#### Part B: Draw the Precursors That Would Occur Slower
Students are also asked to draw the chemical precursors for a Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction that would proceed slower. This could involve the same types of reactants but under different conditions or with different substituents that slow down the reaction rate.
### Interface for Drawing the Precursors:
The drawing tool provided includes options to draw lines, rings, and add elements (C, H, O, Cl). There are buttons for selecting, drawing, and erasing components. This functional interface allows students to create and manipulate molecular structures to represent the reactants involved in the proposed Friedel–Crafts reactions.
#### Explanation of Graphical Tools:
- **Select:** Tool to select and manipulate existing parts of the drawing.
- **Draw:** Options to draw single, double, and triple bonds.
- **Rings:** Button to draw different types of rings, such as benzene.
- **More:** Additional tools (not fully specified).
- **Erase:** Tool to remove selected parts of the drawing.
Students can employ these tools to sketch the molecular precursors correctly, ensuring](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F61f35b58-7108-4a0d-8aee-7688cae50c5b%2Fce2ef88f-f109-40fd-bbd4-44efbc88bf5e%2Fnmj0wke_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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