Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
give me the proper IUPAC Names for the compounds represented by A), B), C) and D)
![### Oxidation and Dehydration Reactions of Ethanol
#### Chemical Reactions Overview
**Ethanol: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2 \text{OH} \)**
1. **Oxidation of Ethanol**
- **Rigerous Oxidation:**
- Chemical Equation:
\[
\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2 \text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{RIGEROUS OX}} \text{A)}
\]
- **Mild Oxidation:**
- Chemical Equation:
\[
\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2 \text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{MILD OX}} \text{B)}
\]
2. **Dehydration of Ethanol**
- Chemical Equation:
\[
2 \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2 \text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+/140^\circ\text{C}} \text{C)} + \text{H}_2\text{O}
\]
3. **Unknown Reaction**
- Chemical Equation:
\[
\text{A)} + \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2 \text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+} \text{D)} + \text{H}_2\text{O}
\]
### Explanation of the Reactions
1. **Oxidation:**
Ethanol (\( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2 \text{OH} \)) can undergo different oxidation processes based on the conditions:
- *Rigerous Oxidation:* This typically involves more severe conditions, leading to further oxidation of the ethanol molecule to form a different product denoted as 'A)'.
- *Mild Oxidation:* This involves milder conditions, producing a different oxidation product denoted as 'B)'.
2. **Dehydration:**
Ethanol undergoes a dehydration reaction in the presence of an acid catalyst (like \( \text{H}^+ \)) at 140°C. This reaction yields product 'C)' and water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)).
3. **Unknown](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5cf437dc-af80-404d-8013-877ac047e694%2Fcb00e245-3f46-4df5-afd9-2a988d13fbcc%2Fn78ouxz_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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