Give an example of a dominant-recessive disorder, an X-linked disorder, and a chromosomal abnormality.
Each cell in the human body consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes. In which, 22 pairs are known as autosomes and the other is the sex chromosome.
The autosome dominant disorder is inherited by a pattern of genetic characteristics of genetic disorders. Autosome dominant disorder occurs when one mutated gene (from either of the parent) is enough to be inherited by the offspring. Autosomal dominant disorders explain the cause of a genetic disorder through inheritance by 50%.
The autosome recessive disorder, on the other hand, requires two copies of the mutated gene (from both parents) to cause a genetic disorder in the offspring.
The X-linked disorder is caused due to variants in the sex chromosome - X. In males, who have only one X-chromosome, one altered copy of it is enough to cause this condition. While in females, only one altered copy leads to less or no severe health issues than in males. However, the X-linked disorder cannot be inherited by a father.
A chromosomal abnormality is characterized by a numerical or structural impairment of chromosomes. A numerical abnormality is when the individual is either missing one in a pair of chromosomes or has two same chromosomes in a pair. A structural abnormality is caused when the structure of the chromosomes is altered. While these chromosomal abnormalities can be inherited or new to the individual.
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