Give an efficient algorithm to determine if an undirected graph G JEJ, is a tree. Justify the correctness of your algorithm and its running time complexity. The input graph is given in adjacency list representation and your algorithm must have the running time in O(n + m (V, E), with n = IV and %3D m%3D (Ctrl) -

Give an efficient algorithm to determine if an undirected graph G JEJ, is a tree. Justify the correctness of your algorithm and its running time complexity. The input graph is given in adjacency list representation and your algorithm must have the running time in O(n + m (V, E), with n = IV and %3D m%3D (Ctrl) -

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Most graph algorithms that take an n×n adjacency-matrix representation as input require at least time O(n^2), but there are some exceptions. Show how to determine whether a simple directed graph G contains a universal sink, that is, a vertex with in degree n − 1 and out-degree 0, in time O(n) given an n × n adjacency matrix for G. (A vertex v has indegree k if there are precisely k edges of the form (u, v), and has outdegree k if there are precisely k edges of the form (v, u).)
Suppose you have a polynomial-time algorithm that, given a multigraph H, computes the number of spanning forests of H. Using this algorithm as a subroutine, design a polynomial-time algorithm that, given a weighted graph G, computes the number of minimum spanning trees of G.
Suppose you have a graph with 100 nodes and 500 edges and you want to find the shortest path between two nodes using Dijkstra's algorithm. What is the time complexity of this operation?
Algebraic Preis’ AlgorithmAlgorithm due to Preis provides a different way to solve the maximal weightedmatching problem in a weighted graph. The algorithm consists of the followingsteps.1. Input: A weighted graph G = (V, E, w)2. Output: A maximal weighted matching M of G3. M ← Ø4. E ← E5. V ← V6. while E = Ø7. select at random any v ∈ V8. let e ∈ E be the heaviest edge incident to v9. M ← M ∪ e10. V ← V {v}11. E ← E \ {e and all adjacent edges to e} show two ways of implementing this algorithm in Python
A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is called a lattice if it has one vertex reach-able from any other vertex (sink), and one vertex such that every other vertex can bereached from it (source). Give an efficient algorithm to determine if a given DAG is alattice. Provide justification of the correctness and analyze running time complexity ofyour algorithm. Your algorithm has to have a running time in O(|V| + |E|)
Let G be a graph with V vertices and E edges. One can implement Kruskal's Algorithm to run in O(E log V) time, and Prim's Algorithm to run in O(E + V log V) time. If G is a dense graph with an extremely large number of vertices, determine which algorithm would output the minimum-weight spanning tree more quickly. Clearly justify your answer.
Hey, Kruskal's algorithm can return different spanning trees for the input Graph G.Show that for every minimal spanning tree T of G, there is an execution of the algorithm that gives T as a result. How can i do that? Thank you in advance!
You are given a weighted, undirected graph G = (V, E) which is guaranteed to be connected. Design an algorithm which runs in O(V E + V 2 log V ) time and determines which of the edges appear in all minimum spanning trees of G. Do not write the code, give steps and methods. Explain the steps of algorithm, and the logic behind these steps in plain English.Please give total time complexity. test whether a particular edge appears in all MSTs
The Algorithm of AlgebraThe adjacency matrix A of a graph G = is used by the algebraic BFS algorithm (V, E).First, we create a vector x with all zeros except for the index of the source vertex s that we wish to use as the starting point for the algorithm; next, we create the matrix A = A+ I; last, AT x chooses all nodes that are at a distance of 1 (level 1) from the source vertex. The vertices with the fewest number of hops are obtained by multiplying the vector x by the matrix A2. As a rule, the product Ak x will produce neighbours that are at most k hops distant, and the multiplication should be done in a boolean manner as in the algorithm shown below. Algorithm for Algebraic BFS1: Input : Adjacency matrix An,n of a graph G = (V, E) connected, unweighted graph G and asource vertex s2: Output : N, visited, levels a matrix that shows level i vertices at its column i, the visitedvertices in sequence and their levels3: x[n] ← 04: x[s] ← 15: A ← A + I6: for i = 1 to n do7: N ← AT · x8:…
Let G be an undirected edge-weighted graph with V vertices and O(V2) edges. Describe an efficient algorithm to compute a minimum spanning tree that runs in O(V2) time. You are only allowed to use data structures such as arrays and priority queues. Do not use complex data structures such as Fibonacci heaps. Give a formal proof of correctness for your algorithm. An answer without any formal proof will be considered incomplete. Analyze the running time of the algorithm.
We know that when we have a graph with negative edge costs, Dijkstra’s algorithm is not guaranteed to work. (a) Does Dijkstra’s algorithm ever work when some of the edge costs are negative? Explain why or why not. (b) Find an algorithm that will always find a shortest path between two nodes, under the assumption that at most one edge in the input has a negative weight. Your algorithm should run in time O(m log n), where m is the number of edges and n is the number of nodes. That is, the runnning time should be at most a constant factor slower than Dijkstra’s algorithm. To be clear, your algorithm takes as input (i) a directed graph, G, given in adjacency list form. (ii) a weight function f, which, given two adjacent nodes, v,w, returns the weight of the edge between them. For non-adjacent nodes v,w, you may assume f(v,w) returns +1. (iii) a pair of nodes, s, t. If the input contains a negative cycle, you should find one and output it. Otherwise, if the graph contains at least one…