gie digit nul There may be more than one correct answer for each. a, an endergonic reaction b. an exergonic reaction c. a redox reaction d. substrate level phosphorylation HO-ÇH, Glucose 4 он н но АТР OH hexokinase ADP (P-0-CH Glucose 6-phosphate H H. 4 OH H он но OH phosphohexose isomerase ®-0-CH, _0. CH,-OH Fructose 6-phosphate H HỌ H HO. ATP OH H phospho- fructokinase-1 ADP

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Here's a transcription and explanation of the glycolysis diagram:

### Text Explanation

This diagram represents the process of glycolysis, indicating specific steps involved in the conversion of glucose into pyruvate. The steps are labeled for easier identification of different reactions.

**Instructions:**
Identify the type of reaction at each step as follows:
- a. An endergonic reaction
- b. An exergonic reaction
- c. A redox reaction
- d. Substrate-level phosphorylation

Place the respective step number in the box provided for each reaction type.

**Diagram Explanation:**

1. **Step 1:** 
   - **Substrate:** Glucose
   - **Enzyme:** Hexokinase
   - **Process:** Conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate using ATP.
   - **Energy:** ATP is consumed.

2. **Step 2:** 
   - **Substrate:** Glucose 6-phosphate
   - **Enzyme:** Phosphohexose isomerase
   - **Process:** Isomerization to fructose 6-phosphate.

3. **Step 3:**
   - **Substrate:** Fructose 6-phosphate
   - **Enzyme:** Phosphofructokinase-1
   - **Process:** Conversion to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate using ATP.
   - **Energy:** ATP is consumed.

4. **Step 4:**
   - **Substrate:** Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
   - **Enzyme:** Aldolase
   - **Process:** Cleavage into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 

5. **Step 5:**
   - **Enzyme:** Triose phosphate isomerase
   - **Process:** Conversion between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

**Color Coding:**
- Yellow indicates energy investment reactions.
- Purple and green divisions show the splitting of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon molecules.

This pathway outlines the energy changes and molecular transformations that occur during the early stages of glycolysis.
Transcribed Image Text:Here's a transcription and explanation of the glycolysis diagram: ### Text Explanation This diagram represents the process of glycolysis, indicating specific steps involved in the conversion of glucose into pyruvate. The steps are labeled for easier identification of different reactions. **Instructions:** Identify the type of reaction at each step as follows: - a. An endergonic reaction - b. An exergonic reaction - c. A redox reaction - d. Substrate-level phosphorylation Place the respective step number in the box provided for each reaction type. **Diagram Explanation:** 1. **Step 1:** - **Substrate:** Glucose - **Enzyme:** Hexokinase - **Process:** Conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate using ATP. - **Energy:** ATP is consumed. 2. **Step 2:** - **Substrate:** Glucose 6-phosphate - **Enzyme:** Phosphohexose isomerase - **Process:** Isomerization to fructose 6-phosphate. 3. **Step 3:** - **Substrate:** Fructose 6-phosphate - **Enzyme:** Phosphofructokinase-1 - **Process:** Conversion to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate using ATP. - **Energy:** ATP is consumed. 4. **Step 4:** - **Substrate:** Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate - **Enzyme:** Aldolase - **Process:** Cleavage into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 5. **Step 5:** - **Enzyme:** Triose phosphate isomerase - **Process:** Conversion between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. **Color Coding:** - Yellow indicates energy investment reactions. - Purple and green divisions show the splitting of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon molecules. This pathway outlines the energy changes and molecular transformations that occur during the early stages of glycolysis.
# Glycolysis Pathway Diagram and Explanation

The diagram illustrates the steps of glycolysis, a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH in the process. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first stage of cellular respiration.

## Key Steps of Glycolysis

1. **Conversion of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate:**
   - The molecule (2) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
   - Enzyme involved: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
   - Inputs: 2 inorganic phosphates (P\(_i\)) and 2 NAD\(^+\).
   - Outputs: 2 NADH and 2 H\(^+\).

2. **Formation of 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate:**
   - (2) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is transformed into (2) 3-phosphoglycerate.
   - Enzyme involved: Phosphoglycerate kinase.
   - Inputs: 2 ADP.
   - Outputs: 2 ATP.

3. **Conversion to 3-Phosphoglycerate:**
   - (2) 3-Phosphoglycerate is converted to (2) 2-phosphoglycerate.
   - Enzyme involved: Phosphoglycerate mutase.

4. **Formation of 2-Phosphoglycerate:**
   - (2) 2-Phosphoglycerate is transformed into (2) Phosphoenolpyruvate.
   - Enzyme involved: Enolase.
   - Outputs: 2 H\(_2\)O.

5. **Pyruvate Formation:**
   - (2) Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted into (2) Pyruvate.
   - Enzyme involved: Pyruvate kinase.
   - Inputs: 2 ADP.
   - Outputs: 2 ATP.

## Diagram Features

- The process involves a series of biochemical reactions, each facilitated by a specific enzyme.
- ATP and NADH are generated during these reactions, which are essential for cellular energy.
- The diagram uses arrows to show the transformation of substrates through the enzymatic steps, highlighting the major products and reactants at each stage.

Overall, glycolysis
Transcribed Image Text:# Glycolysis Pathway Diagram and Explanation The diagram illustrates the steps of glycolysis, a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH in the process. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first stage of cellular respiration. ## Key Steps of Glycolysis 1. **Conversion of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate:** - The molecule (2) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. - Enzyme involved: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. - Inputs: 2 inorganic phosphates (P\(_i\)) and 2 NAD\(^+\). - Outputs: 2 NADH and 2 H\(^+\). 2. **Formation of 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate:** - (2) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is transformed into (2) 3-phosphoglycerate. - Enzyme involved: Phosphoglycerate kinase. - Inputs: 2 ADP. - Outputs: 2 ATP. 3. **Conversion to 3-Phosphoglycerate:** - (2) 3-Phosphoglycerate is converted to (2) 2-phosphoglycerate. - Enzyme involved: Phosphoglycerate mutase. 4. **Formation of 2-Phosphoglycerate:** - (2) 2-Phosphoglycerate is transformed into (2) Phosphoenolpyruvate. - Enzyme involved: Enolase. - Outputs: 2 H\(_2\)O. 5. **Pyruvate Formation:** - (2) Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted into (2) Pyruvate. - Enzyme involved: Pyruvate kinase. - Inputs: 2 ADP. - Outputs: 2 ATP. ## Diagram Features - The process involves a series of biochemical reactions, each facilitated by a specific enzyme. - ATP and NADH are generated during these reactions, which are essential for cellular energy. - The diagram uses arrows to show the transformation of substrates through the enzymatic steps, highlighting the major products and reactants at each stage. Overall, glycolysis
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