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Genetics, Obstetrics Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy is difficult in retrospective studies. Routinely collected blood specimens from newborns for screening purposes may provide a lowcost method recent smoking. A study was performed comparing cotinine levels in dried blood spots in newborns with those in umbilical cord blood (the gold standard) among 490 newborns. The lowest detection limit for dried blood spot cotinine was 3.1 ng/mL. The data in the table below were presented relating dried blood spot cotinine determinations to umbilical cord blood cotinine determinations. objectively measure maternal smoking close to the time of delivery. Serum cotinine is an important biomarker of Cotinine Level in Dried Blood (ng/mL) Maternal Active Smoking = yes Maternal Active Smoking = no <3.1 2 387 3.1 4 2 6. 2 1 1 1 1 3 10 2 11 3 12 2 13 1 214 77 Total 92 398 Suppose a cutoff of 2 5 ng/ml is proposed as a criterion testing positive based on dried blood spot cotinine levels. (a) What is the sensitivity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9783 (b) What is the specificity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9824 Suppose it is estimated based on a large sample of births that 20% of mothers smoke at the time of delivery. Suppose the screening test for detecting whether a mother smokes at the time of pregnancy is based on a cutoff of 2 5 ng/ml using dried blood specimens from the newborn. (c) What is the probability that a mother smokes at the time of delivery if the dried blood specimen is 2 5 ng/mL? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

Genetics, Obstetrics Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy is difficult in retrospective studies. Routinely collected blood specimens from newborns for screening purposes may provide a lowcost method recent smoking. A study was performed comparing cotinine levels in dried blood spots in newborns with those in umbilical cord blood (the gold standard) among 490 newborns. The lowest detection limit for dried blood spot cotinine was 3.1 ng/mL. The data in the table below were presented relating dried blood spot cotinine determinations to umbilical cord blood cotinine determinations. objectively measure maternal smoking close to the time of delivery. Serum cotinine is an important biomarker of Cotinine Level in Dried Blood (ng/mL) Maternal Active Smoking = yes Maternal Active Smoking = no <3.1 2 387 3.1 4 2 6. 2 1 1 1 1 3 10 2 11 3 12 2 13 1 214 77 Total 92 398 Suppose a cutoff of 2 5 ng/ml is proposed as a criterion testing positive based on dried blood spot cotinine levels. (a) What is the sensitivity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9783 (b) What is the specificity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9824 Suppose it is estimated based on a large sample of births that 20% of mothers smoke at the time of delivery. Suppose the screening test for detecting whether a mother smokes at the time of pregnancy is based on a cutoff of 2 5 ng/ml using dried blood specimens from the newborn. (c) What is the probability that a mother smokes at the time of delivery if the dried blood specimen is 2 5 ng/mL? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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I need help with Part C at the bottom there. It's the positive predictive value.

Genetics, Obstetrics Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy is difficult in retrospective studies. Routinely collected blood specimens from newborns for screening purposes may provide a lowcost method to objectively measure maternal smoking close to the time of delivery. Serum cotinine is an important biomarker of recent smoking. A study was performed comparing cotinine levels in dried blood spots in newborns with those in umbilical cord blood (the gold standard) among 490 newborns. The lowest detection limit for dried blood spot cotinine was 3.1 ng/mL. The data in the table below were presented relating dried blood spot cotinine determinations to umbilical cord blood cotinine determinations. Cotinine Level in Dried Blood (ng/mL) Maternal Active Smoking = yes Maternal Active Smoking = no <3.1 2 387 3.1 2 4 2 6. 1 7 1 8 1 1 9. 1 3 10 2 11 3 12 2 13 1 214 77 Total 92 398 Suppose a cutoff of 2 5 ng/mL is proposed as a criterion for testing positive based on dried blood spot cotinine levels. (a) What is the sensitivity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9783 (b) What is the specificity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9824 Suppose it is estimated based on a large sample of births that 20% of mothers smoke at the time of delivery. Suppose the screening test for detecting whether a mother smokes at the time of pregnancy is based on a cutoff of 2 5 ng/mL using dried blood specimens from the newborn. (c) What is the probability that a mother smokes at the time of delivery if the dried blood specimen is 2 5 ng/mL? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
Transcribed Image Text:Genetics, Obstetrics Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy is difficult in retrospective studies. Routinely collected blood specimens from newborns for screening purposes may provide a lowcost method to objectively measure maternal smoking close to the time of delivery. Serum cotinine is an important biomarker of recent smoking. A study was performed comparing cotinine levels in dried blood spots in newborns with those in umbilical cord blood (the gold standard) among 490 newborns. The lowest detection limit for dried blood spot cotinine was 3.1 ng/mL. The data in the table below were presented relating dried blood spot cotinine determinations to umbilical cord blood cotinine determinations. Cotinine Level in Dried Blood (ng/mL) Maternal Active Smoking = yes Maternal Active Smoking = no <3.1 2 387 3.1 2 4 2 6. 1 7 1 8 1 1 9. 1 3 10 2 11 3 12 2 13 1 214 77 Total 92 398 Suppose a cutoff of 2 5 ng/mL is proposed as a criterion for testing positive based on dried blood spot cotinine levels. (a) What is the sensitivity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9783 (b) What is the specificity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9824 Suppose it is estimated based on a large sample of births that 20% of mothers smoke at the time of delivery. Suppose the screening test for detecting whether a mother smokes at the time of pregnancy is based on a cutoff of 2 5 ng/mL using dried blood specimens from the newborn. (c) What is the probability that a mother smokes at the time of delivery if the dried blood specimen is 2 5 ng/mL? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
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