Generally, when preferences for a good rise, demand for the good rises. If a perfectly competitive market starts in long-run equilibrium, holding all else constant, this will result in a higher market price, which will lead to the market. This causes price to in the industry and positive economic profits; attract new firms into; fall economic losses; attract new firms into; fall positive economic profits; cause some firms to leave; rise further economic losses; cause some firms to leave; rise further
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- Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consiber the competitive market for rhodium. Assume that no matter how many firms operate in the induatry, every firm is identical and faces the same marpinal cost (MC), averapt total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC ) curves plotted in the following praph. The following graph plots the market demand curve for thodium. If there were 10 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of rhodium would be per pound. At that price, firms in this industry would. Therefore, in the long run, firms would the rhodium market. Because you know that competitive firms earn economic profit in the long run, you know the long-run equilibrium price must be per pound. From the graph, you can see that this means there will be firms operating in the rhodium industry in long-run equilibrium. True or False: Assuming implicit costs are positive, each of the firms operating in this industry in the long run earns positive accounting profit. True FalseSuppose a farmer earns a larger profit than the "normal profit" by producing a special type of vegetable that becomes popular O other farmers arc likely to plant the same vegetable, pushing up the prevailing market price. O the firm will continue to carn its 'normal profits" far into tho future. O the farm's owners are likely to withdraw from the industry in order to retire carly. other farmers are likely to plant the same vegotablo, pushing down the prevailing market price.Assume a perfectly competitive market. Draw the average total cost, average variable cost,marginal cost, and marginal revenue curves for a good. Determine the profit-maximizing levelof output given that the price of the good is above the minimum average variable cost butbelow the minimum average total cost. Is the profit at the chosen price point positive,zero, or negative? Shade the area representing profit. Assume a monopoly market. Draw the average total cost, marginal cost, marginal revenue,and demand curves for a good. At what price will the monopolist sell? What is theprofit-maximizing level of output at this price? Shade the area representing profit.
- The figure below shows the supply and the demand for a good (left) and the cost curves of an individual firm in this market (right). Assume that all firms in this market, including the potential entrants, have identical cost curves. Initially, the market is in equilibrium at point A. Price 6 Cost 17 D 8 10 12 Quantity ATC O the price is $1.00 and the quantity sold is 6 units O the price is $3.00 and the quantity sold is 2 units O the price is $2.00 and the quantity sold is 2 units O the price is $2.00 and the quantity sold is 4 units Quantity Refer to the figure above. Suppose that the market has reached the long-run equilibrium. Then, due to news of the product's defects and recall, the demand falls by 2 units at each price. The market will tend toward the new long run equilibrium whereSuppose that each firm in a competitive industry has thefollowing costs: Total cost: TC=50 + 1/2q^2 Marginal cost: MC=q where q is an individual firm’s quantity produced. The marketdemand curve for this product is Demand: QD = 120 – P where P is the price and Q is the total quantity of the good.Currently, there are 9 firms in the market. a. What is each firm’s fixed cost? What is its variable cost?Give the equation for average total cost. b. Graph average total cost curve and the marginal cost curvefor q from 5 to 15. At what quantity is average total cost curve atits minimum? What us marginal cost and average total cost at thisquantity? c. Give the equation each firm’s supply curve. d. Give the equation for the market supply curve for the shortrun in which the number of firms is fixed. e. What is the equilibrium price and quantity for this market inthe short run? f. In this equilibrium, how much does each firm produce?Calculate each firm’s profit or loss. Is there incentive for…Describe the course of events in a competitive market following apermanent increase in demand. What happens to output, price, andeconomic profit in the short run and in the long run? Describe the course of events in a competitive market following theadoption of a new technology. What happens to output, price, andeconomic profit in the short run and in the long run?
- Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…
- er 11 i Suppose the market for corn is a purely competitive, constant-cost industry that is in long-run equilibrium. Now assume that an increase in consumer demand occurs. After all resulting adjustments have been completed, the new equilibrium price will be Multiple Choice OO O the same as the initial equilibrium price, but the new industry output will be greater than the original output. greater than the initial price, and the new industry output will be greater than the original output. less than the initial price, but the new industry output will be greater than the original output. the same as the initial equilibrium price, and the industry output will remain unchanged. 23 11,229 X OCT all Z AThe soybean industry is a constant cost industry. A new study revealing negative health effects of soymilk permanently decreases the number of buyers in the soybean market. Due to the decrease in demand, the equilibrium price of soybeans ______ in the long run, the equilibrium quantity of soybeans ______in the long run, and the number of firms in the market will _____ in the long run. Word Bank: Decreases, Decreases, Decreases, Increases, Increases, Increases, does not change, does not change, does not change.The figure below shows the supply and the demand for a good (left) and the cost curves of an individual firm in this market (right). Assume that all firms in this market, including the potential entrants, have identical cost curves. Initially, the market is in equilibrium at point A. Price Cost MC ATC A 4 2 1 D 2 4 6 8 10 12 Quantity Quantity Refer to the figure above. Suppose that the market has reached the long-run equilibrium. Then, due to news of the product's defects and recall, the demand falls by 4 units at each price. At the new equilibrium, each firm in the market earns and there will be a. zero economic profit; neither entry nor exit of firms b. positive economic profit; entries of new firms C. zero accounting profit; both entry and exit of firms d. negative economic profit; exit of existing firms