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g) How does the high blood pressure near the heart of a giraffe affect its cardiac output? h) How does the vascular resistance in giraffes change as blood flows from the heart to the toes?

g) How does the high blood pressure near the heart of a giraffe affect its cardiac output? h) How does the vascular resistance in giraffes change as blood flows from the heart to the toes?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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1.1: Gravity affects the cardiovascular system, particularly in tall animals like giraffes. The challenges these animals face include supplying enough blood to the brain and dealing with excessive fluid pressures in organs below the heart. The regulation of cardiac function and blood vessel tone is crucial in maintaining perfusion pressures in different parts of their bodies. While humans also experience gravity's effects on their cardiovascular system, giraffes face more significant challenges due to their exceptional height. Giraffe blood has a specific density of 1.055 g/mL. a) A giraffe is standing upright, and its head is located 4 meters above the ground. What is the difference in blood pressure between the giraffe's head and its heart? Assume the giraffe's heart is located at a height of 2 meters above the ground and no viscous pressure losses. b) A giraffe is drinking water from a stream, and its head is located 2 meters below the level of its heart. If the giraffe's arterial blood pressure is 200 mm Hg at the level of the heart, what is the arterial blood pressure in its head and what is the change in wall tension relative to when the head is located standing up? (Based on a quick internet search, make assumptions about dimensions of blood vessels) c) A giraffe is lying down, and its feet are located at the same level as its heart. If the arterial blood pressure in the giraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its toes, located 3 meters below the level of its heart? d) A giraffe is standing upright, and its kidneys are located 1.5 meters below the level of its heart. If the arterial blood pressure in the giraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its kidneys? Assume the giraffe's kidneys are located directly below its heart. e) How much does the renal artery need to constrict/dilate to preserve the sample flow to the kidneys when the giraffe head is up eating or drinking water? f) Plot (sketch) the changes in wall tension for arteries and veins the giraffe' head, toes, and heart? Assume the giraffe pressure losses between the arterioles and venules is 60 mm Hg. g) How does the high blood pressure near the heart of a giraffe affect its cardiac output? h) How does the vascular resistance in giraffes change as blood flows from the heart to the toes?
Transcribed Image Text:1.1: Gravity affects the cardiovascular system, particularly in tall animals like giraffes. The challenges these animals face include supplying enough blood to the brain and dealing with excessive fluid pressures in organs below the heart. The regulation of cardiac function and blood vessel tone is crucial in maintaining perfusion pressures in different parts of their bodies. While humans also experience gravity's effects on their cardiovascular system, giraffes face more significant challenges due to their exceptional height. Giraffe blood has a specific density of 1.055 g/mL. a) A giraffe is standing upright, and its head is located 4 meters above the ground. What is the difference in blood pressure between the giraffe's head and its heart? Assume the giraffe's heart is located at a height of 2 meters above the ground and no viscous pressure losses. b) A giraffe is drinking water from a stream, and its head is located 2 meters below the level of its heart. If the giraffe's arterial blood pressure is 200 mm Hg at the level of the heart, what is the arterial blood pressure in its head and what is the change in wall tension relative to when the head is located standing up? (Based on a quick internet search, make assumptions about dimensions of blood vessels) c) A giraffe is lying down, and its feet are located at the same level as its heart. If the arterial blood pressure in the giraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its toes, located 3 meters below the level of its heart? d) A giraffe is standing upright, and its kidneys are located 1.5 meters below the level of its heart. If the arterial blood pressure in the giraffe's heart is 200 mm Hg, what is the arterial blood pressure in its kidneys? Assume the giraffe's kidneys are located directly below its heart. e) How much does the renal artery need to constrict/dilate to preserve the sample flow to the kidneys when the giraffe head is up eating or drinking water? f) Plot (sketch) the changes in wall tension for arteries and veins the giraffe' head, toes, and heart? Assume the giraffe pressure losses between the arterioles and venules is 60 mm Hg. g) How does the high blood pressure near the heart of a giraffe affect its cardiac output? h) How does the vascular resistance in giraffes change as blood flows from the heart to the toes?
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