Fundamental of database management system:

Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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Fundamental of database management  system:

Paul Bunyan is the owner of a wooden toy distributor named Blue Ox Distribution. He has decided to store his data in an electronic, relational database in order to ensure that it is current and accurate. Currently, he stores his data in a simple table, as shown below. 

### Analyzing Functional Dependencies in Database Systems

#### Understanding Functional Determinants and Dependencies

1. **Functional Determinants (Figure 7.27)**  
   The figure illustrates the relationships between various entities. Below are the functional determinants along with their associated dependencies:

   - **Salesperson Number ➔ Salesperson Name**
   - **Salesperson Number ➔ Commission Percentage**
   - **Salesperson Number ➔ Year of Hire**
   - **Salesperson Number ➔ Department Number**
   - **Salesperson Number ➔ Manager Name**
   - **Product Number ➔ Product Name**
   - **Product Number ➔ Unit Price**
   - **Department Number ➔ Manager Name**
   - **Salesperson Number, Product Number ➔ Quantity**

   These relationships help in identifying how changes in one entity might affect others within a database structure.

#### Converting an Unnormalized Table to First Normal Form (1NF)

2. **Database Normalization (Figure 7.30)**  
   The table displayed is not in First Normal Form (1NF) and needs to be converted. The steps for conversion are outlined below:

   **Unnormalized Table:**  
   The given table includes multiple entries for each combination of `Salesperson Number` and `Product Number`, indicating redundancy.

   **Process of Conversion to 1NF:**

   - **Remove Duplicate Rows:** Ensure each field contains atomic values and eliminate repeating groups.
   - **Single Value Representation:** Each cell contains a single value per attribute, adhering to the rules of 1NF.
   - **Maintain Uniqueness:** Each record remains unique, often through the use of a primary key, which could be a combination of `Salesperson Number` and `Product Number` in this case.

   **Resulting Table:**  
   After conversion, the table still consists of a single table structure but in 1NF, having ensured that the data is organized efficiently without redundancy.

   This process is crucial for maintaining data integrity and optimizing database performance.

These conversion techniques are fundamental concepts within database management and are essential for structuring data effectively. Understanding these principles will significantly enhance your database design and management skills.
Transcribed Image Text:### Analyzing Functional Dependencies in Database Systems #### Understanding Functional Determinants and Dependencies 1. **Functional Determinants (Figure 7.27)** The figure illustrates the relationships between various entities. Below are the functional determinants along with their associated dependencies: - **Salesperson Number ➔ Salesperson Name** - **Salesperson Number ➔ Commission Percentage** - **Salesperson Number ➔ Year of Hire** - **Salesperson Number ➔ Department Number** - **Salesperson Number ➔ Manager Name** - **Product Number ➔ Product Name** - **Product Number ➔ Unit Price** - **Department Number ➔ Manager Name** - **Salesperson Number, Product Number ➔ Quantity** These relationships help in identifying how changes in one entity might affect others within a database structure. #### Converting an Unnormalized Table to First Normal Form (1NF) 2. **Database Normalization (Figure 7.30)** The table displayed is not in First Normal Form (1NF) and needs to be converted. The steps for conversion are outlined below: **Unnormalized Table:** The given table includes multiple entries for each combination of `Salesperson Number` and `Product Number`, indicating redundancy. **Process of Conversion to 1NF:** - **Remove Duplicate Rows:** Ensure each field contains atomic values and eliminate repeating groups. - **Single Value Representation:** Each cell contains a single value per attribute, adhering to the rules of 1NF. - **Maintain Uniqueness:** Each record remains unique, often through the use of a primary key, which could be a combination of `Salesperson Number` and `Product Number` in this case. **Resulting Table:** After conversion, the table still consists of a single table structure but in 1NF, having ensured that the data is organized efficiently without redundancy. This process is crucial for maintaining data integrity and optimizing database performance. These conversion techniques are fundamental concepts within database management and are essential for structuring data effectively. Understanding these principles will significantly enhance your database design and management skills.
In this exercise, you are tasked with converting a table from First Normal Form (1NF) to Second Normal Form (2NF) using the provided data. Upon completion, the resulting structure should consist of three separate tables. Below is a transcription of the relevant data:

**Table 1: SALESPERSON**

| Salesperson Number | Salesperson Name | Commission Percentage | Year of Hire | Department Number | Manager Name |
|-------------------|------------------|-------------------------|-------------|-------------------|--------------|
| 137               | Baker            | 10                      | 1995        | 73                | Scott        |
| 186               | Adams            | 15                      | 2001        | 59                | Lopez        |
| 204               | Dickens          | 10                      | 1998        | 73                | Scott        |
| 361               | Carlyle          | 20                      | 2001        | 73                | Scott        |

**Table 2: PRODUCT**

| Product Number | Product Name | Unit Price |
|----------------|--------------|------------|
| 16386          | Wrench       | 12.95      |
| 19440          | Hammer       | 17.50      |
| 21765          | Drill        | 32.99      |
| 24013          | Saw          | 26.25      |
| 26722          | Pliers       | 11.50      |

**Table 3: QUANTITY**

| Salesperson Number | Product Number | Quantity |
|-------------------|----------------|----------|
| 137               | 19440          | 473      |
| 137               | 24013          | 170      |
| 137               | 26722          | 688      |
| 186               | 16386          | 1745     |
| 186               | 19440          | 2529     |
| 186               | 21765          | 1962     |
| 186               | 24013          | 3071     |
| 204               | 21765          | 809      |
| 204               | 26722          | 734      |
| 361               | 16386          | 3729     |
| 361               | 21765          | 3110     |
| 361               | 26722          | 2738
Transcribed Image Text:In this exercise, you are tasked with converting a table from First Normal Form (1NF) to Second Normal Form (2NF) using the provided data. Upon completion, the resulting structure should consist of three separate tables. Below is a transcription of the relevant data: **Table 1: SALESPERSON** | Salesperson Number | Salesperson Name | Commission Percentage | Year of Hire | Department Number | Manager Name | |-------------------|------------------|-------------------------|-------------|-------------------|--------------| | 137 | Baker | 10 | 1995 | 73 | Scott | | 186 | Adams | 15 | 2001 | 59 | Lopez | | 204 | Dickens | 10 | 1998 | 73 | Scott | | 361 | Carlyle | 20 | 2001 | 73 | Scott | **Table 2: PRODUCT** | Product Number | Product Name | Unit Price | |----------------|--------------|------------| | 16386 | Wrench | 12.95 | | 19440 | Hammer | 17.50 | | 21765 | Drill | 32.99 | | 24013 | Saw | 26.25 | | 26722 | Pliers | 11.50 | **Table 3: QUANTITY** | Salesperson Number | Product Number | Quantity | |-------------------|----------------|----------| | 137 | 19440 | 473 | | 137 | 24013 | 170 | | 137 | 26722 | 688 | | 186 | 16386 | 1745 | | 186 | 19440 | 2529 | | 186 | 21765 | 1962 | | 186 | 24013 | 3071 | | 204 | 21765 | 809 | | 204 | 26722 | 734 | | 361 | 16386 | 3729 | | 361 | 21765 | 3110 | | 361 | 26722 | 2738
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