From the previous question, In which section of the kidney tubules does this chloride movement occur? Is that movement passive or active?

Q: Explain how antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is dependent upon the concentration gradient in the medulla…

A: The urinary system in humans comprises a pair of kidneys, each of which are present on the left and…

Q: In what ways do the proximal and distal convoluted tubules differ in structure? How is this related…

A: The kidneys are the pair of bean-shaped organs which is present on either side of our spine, below…

Q: sketch of ONE complete Nephron in the kidney and label to show the blood flow

A: The main excretory organ in humans is kidney. Each individual ordinarily has two kidneys located on…

Q: Only two types of tubules enter the renal medulla, the loop of Henle and the (?????) which further…

A: The structure that actually produces urine in the process of eliminating waste and excess substances…

Q: deu suoi op MOH

A: Q  1.  DNA is the main genetic material, it is made up of polynucleotide. Mutation can be defined as…

Q: Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid…

A: The kidney is an important organ of the excretory system and the nephron is the basic structural…

Q: Why do the ureters use smooth muscle contraction to actively move urine to the urinary bladder? Why…

A: The urine passing from the kidney to the ureter is drained by the action of peristalsis. It involves…

Q: Is the collecting tubule and collecting duct part of the renal tubule? Is the collecting tubule and…

A: Nephron is the smallest unit of excretion. it is the part of kidneys where actually the urine is…

Q: The renal blood flows into the kidney is 1200 L min-1 with a concentration of total solutes of 296…

A: In an adult human usually, 1 to 1.8 liter of urination occurs in 24 hours. The urine volume depends…

Q: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide helps to reduce overall blood pressure in a variety of ways.  One way is…

A: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a natural peptide hormone…

Q: A kidney stone blocking a ureter would interfere with urine flow to which organ? Why would the pain…

A: The kidneys present in the vertebrates are important for the removal of wastes, toxins, and drugs…

Q: A general principle of physiology is that structure is a determinant of—and has coevolved…

A: The renal corpuscle is principally responsible for filtering the blood. The renal corpuscle…

Q: During the maximal water diuresis, the ratio of the tubular fluid to plasma osmolarity is greater…

A: Answer (A) The bend of the loop of Henle

Q: Under what condition do the kidneys produce dilute urine?

A: The concentrated urine means there are more solutes present and less water in the sample. The…

Q: is specific gravity (of urine) directly realted to urine output volume? like as one decreases the…

A: Specific gravity (SG) is the comparison of density of urine against the density of distilled water…

Q: During severe exertion in a hot environment, a person can lose up to 4 liters of sweat per hour (…

A: Sweating is the main source of loss of water during a a period of strenuous exercise or eve during…

Q: What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?

A: The kidney is the bean shaped organ of about four to five inches present on the either side of the…

Q: The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is…

A: GivenDrug reabsorption is negligible.

Q: How would prolonged exercise affect the specific gravity of urine? Explain how this change is…

A: Prolonged exercise affects the specific gravity of urine. Let's see how. Before that, let us…

Q: What is a lack of voluntary control over micturition called?

A: Micturition can be described as the process that includes simultaneous contraction of the urinary…

Q: Identify the structures of the kidney in the following diagram: (a) ___________b) ____________(c)…

A: A pair of bean-shaped organs located below the ribs and behind the belly is known as kidneys. The…

Q: what point does the filtrate then become urine in the part of the kidney is it after it passes the…

A: The process of eliminating waste products from the body is called excretion. The metabolic waste…

Q: What is the major structural difference between the cortex and medulla of the kidney?

A: The paired kidneys are reddish, bean- shaped organs located below the ribs towards the middle of the…

Q: Describe the micturition reflex. How is voluntary control ofmicturition accomplished?

A: The physiological term for voiding or urination is micturition. It results from the interplay of…

Q: What are the three basic renal processes that lead to the formation of urine?

A: Kidneys are prime excretory organs. They filter blood and form about 1.5 lt of urine daily this…

Q: Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Which is reabsorbed by the proximal…

A: The proximal convoluted tubule is a part of the kidney's nephron, and it is the primary site where…

Q: How does salt, sugar and caffeine affect urine volume?

A: A "normal" urine volume relies upon the age and gender. However, normal urine volume is considered…

Q: Explain why fluid in the descending limb of the nephronloop is hypertonic.

A: Ans: Hypertonic: The presence excess salts is referred to as hypertonic fluid or solution.

Q: Which of the following substances does NOT appear in normal filtrate within the distal convoluted…

A: The kidneys are two reddish-brown organs with a bean-shaped structure that filters blood and removes…

Q: Considering the distal convoluted tubule of the amphibiannephron, explain how changes in the…

A: A distal convoluted tubule is the duct found between proximal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.…

Q: Why is this process considered secondary active transport? Does water reabsorption accompany ion…

A: Reabsorption: Some substances are reabsorbed in the body, already they are absorbed once in the…

Q: What are the two means by which the kidney helps to regulate blood pressure?

A: Kidneys are vital organs which form the part of the human renal system and responsible for blood…

Q: dysfunctional Na+/K+ pump in the cells of the following parts of the nephro: a. Proximal convoluted…

A: The sodium-potassium pump carries out a form of active transport—that is, its pumping of ions…

Q: A 37-year-old man has hypertension caused by aldosterone-secreting neoplasm. Which of the following…

A: The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland produces aldosterone as the primary…

Q: What do the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete?What function does this product perform?

A: The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a special structure found in the kidneys' glomerular afferent…

Q: What are the unique features of Henle loops that contribute to countercurrent multiplication during…

A: The gradient of increasing hyperosmolality of medullary interstitium is maintained by a peculiar…

Q: How can  you determine renal handling of a substance by comparing its clearance rate to the…

A: Renal Handling of urea is a part of the renal system that deals with the reabsorption and secretion…

Q: What is the difference between filtration and reabsorption? Explain how hydrostatic, osmotic (or…

A: Ans. A nephron is a tiny or microscopic anatomical and functional part of the kidney. Its structure…