From the Lewis structures of the species given, pick all of those in which the central atom obeys the octet rule. DÖ=c=0 0 :0: :0: :Br-Be-Br: :CI: .. CICI: O None of the Above
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
![**Question:**
From the Lewis structures of the species given, pick all of those in which the central atom obeys the octet rule.
**Options:**
1. **[Option 1]**
- A carbon (C) atom is double-bonded to two oxygen (O) atoms.
- The carbon atom has four bonds, adhering to the octet rule.
- Each oxygen atom has two lone pairs.
2. **[Option 2]**
- A phosphorus (P) atom is single-bonded to four fluorine (F) atoms.
- The phosphorus atom lacks a full octet as it is part of an expanded octet.
- Each fluorine atom has three lone pairs.
3. **[Option 3]**
- A bromine (Br) atom is single-bonded to two adjacent bromine (Br) atoms.
- The central bromine atom has a full octet with all single bonds.
- The outer bromine atoms each have three lone pairs.
4. **[Option 4]**
- A chlorine (Cl) atom in the center is single-bonded to four chlorine (Cl) atoms around it.
- The central chlorine atom exceeds the octet rule with ten electrons.
- Each surrounding chlorine has three lone pairs.
5. **None of the Above**
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**Educational Explanation:**
This exercise tests your understanding of the octet rule as applied to Lewis structures. Review each option carefully to determine which central atom abides by the octet rule, where the central atom should not have more than eight electrons in its valence shell unless it is one that can accommodate an expanded octet.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F95e3f0e6-57cd-463b-a047-2a51cd8bf6b0%2F4bfed308-aece-4c40-ae7c-f29904e7a994%2F7j2izd_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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