Frameshift Mutations A frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence. This mutation changes the reading frame, or the arrangement of nucleotides into codons. To understand how a frameshift mutation affects an MRNA strand, imagine a short sentence of three-letter "codons": THE CAT ATE THE RAT If the letter E is removed, or deleted, from the first THE," all the letters that follow shift te the left. The sentence now reads: THC ATA TET HER AT ... The sentence no longer makes sense. The same would be true if a nucleotide was added. or inserted, and all the letters shifted to the right. FIGURE 7: Frameshift mutations change the reading frame, which changes the amino acid sequence after the mutation. normal point mutation DNA DNA RNA RNA mutated base protein protein frameshift mutation (insertion) frameshift mutation (deletion) DNA DNA RNA RNA added base deleted base protein protein A nucleotide sequence loses its meaning when an insertion or deletion shifts all the codons by one nucleotide. This change throws off the reading frame, which results i codons that code for different amino acids.
Frameshift Mutations A frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence. This mutation changes the reading frame, or the arrangement of nucleotides into codons. To understand how a frameshift mutation affects an MRNA strand, imagine a short sentence of three-letter "codons": THE CAT ATE THE RAT If the letter E is removed, or deleted, from the first THE," all the letters that follow shift te the left. The sentence now reads: THC ATA TET HER AT ... The sentence no longer makes sense. The same would be true if a nucleotide was added. or inserted, and all the letters shifted to the right. FIGURE 7: Frameshift mutations change the reading frame, which changes the amino acid sequence after the mutation. normal point mutation DNA DNA RNA RNA mutated base protein protein frameshift mutation (insertion) frameshift mutation (deletion) DNA DNA RNA RNA added base deleted base protein protein A nucleotide sequence loses its meaning when an insertion or deletion shifts all the codons by one nucleotide. This change throws off the reading frame, which results i codons that code for different amino acids.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Question
Write a sumary of what each section is showing.
Transcribed Image Text:Like oth
individ
needs to properly maintain processes that keep the body healthy.
may re
Evidence Notebook Draw a flow chart to illustrate how a change in a nucleotide
DNA strand leads to symptoms experienced by those with sickle cell anemia.
transr
with
of ot
Cro
fra
Frameshift Mutations
di
th
A frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in
the DNA sequence. This mutation changes the reading frame, or the arrangement of
nucleotides into codons, To understand how a frameshift mutation affects an MRNA
strand, imagine a short sentence of three-letter "codons":
a
THE CAT ATE THE RAT
If the letter E is removed, or deleted, from the first "THE," all the letters that follow shift to
the left. The sentence now reads:
THC ATA TET HER AT ...
The sentence no longer makes sense. The same would be true if a nucleotide was added.
or inserted, and all the letters shifted to the right.
normal
point mutation
DNA
DNA
RNA
RNA
mutated
base
protein
protein
frameshift mutation (insertion)
frameshift mutation (deletion)
DNA
DNA
RNA
added
RNA
base
deleted
base
protein
Le
Glu
Val
protein
Gli
A nucleotide sequence loses its meaning when an insertion or deletion shifts all the
codons by one nucleotide. This change throws off the reading frame, which results i
codons that code for different amino acids.
lution
ublishing Company
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